133. Locative of the spot where.

The seventh case or locative serves to signify the scene of the action. Its power is expressed by English prepositions, as in, on, at, among, with, by, near. It has not only the duty of pointing out the spot where, but also the spot whither. In other terms, sometimes it answers Lat. in with abl., sometimes in with accus.

A. Locative of the spot where. — Here we must make the following distinctions.

a.) the locative conveys the notion of being within, in. M. 1, 9 tasmiñ jajñe (in this [egg] Brahman himself was born), Daç. 156 gaṅgāmbhasi viharan (sporting in the water of the Ganges), ibid. 179 kasyacic citrakarasya haste citrapaṭaṃ dadarśa.

b.) it denotes a surface, trodden or touched: on, upon, over, at. Panc. 307 rāsabhaḥ kaścit tatra śmaśāne dṛṣṭaḥ (an ass was seen on that cemetery), R. 3, 5, 10 vyajane] gṛhīte vāranārībhyāṃ dhūyamāne ca mūrdhani (courtesans, holding fans, waved them over his head), Panc. 331 te ca matsyā vahnau pācanāya tiṣṭhanti (and those fishes are being boiled over the fire), Daç. 140 pitā me viviktāyāṃ bhūmau sthito ’bhūt (my father laid down on the naked earth), ibid. 141 śirasi jaghrantī.

c.) it signifies the dominion or territory: in, at, on, Latin apud, in. Panc. l asti dākṣiṇātye janapade mahilāropyaṃ nāma nagaram, ibid. 319 rājagṛhe meṣayūtham asti (in the royal palace there was a flock of rams), Kumâras. 5, 60 phalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ drumeṣu (fruits are seen on the trees). So pañcāleṣu (in the country of the Pancâlâs), kāśyām (at Benares), Mhbh. 1, 31, 18 ayam indrastribhuvane (he has been made Lord over the three worlds); cp, 111 R.

d.) it indicates something very near, though not directly touched: near, on, about (*1). Mhbh. 1, 170, 3 āsedurgaṅgāyāṃ pāṇDunandanāḥ (Pâṇḍu's sons pitched tents near the Ganges), Hitop. 29 no ced anāhāreṇātmānaṃ tava dvāri vyāpādayiṣyāmi (otherwise I will kill myself by starvation at your door). So Kâd. I, p. 39 yatra is used, while meaning »about which spot.”

e.) it is expressive of among, amid. Nala. 1, 13 na deveṣu na yakṣeṣu tādṛgrūpavatī kvacit / mānuṣeṣv api cānyeṣu dṛṣṭapūrvātha vā śrutā (neither among devas nor yakshas nor men nor among other beings such a beauty has been seen nor heard of anywhere), Daç. 124 abhramac ca paurajānapadeṣv iyaṃ vārttā (this report spread among the townsmen and the countrymen). Cp. 116.

All these variegations are mixed up in the general notion, carried by the seventh case. Greater precision, if wanted, may be obtained by using periphrasing turns, as the prepos. antaḥ (within), or such words as madhye, tale, pṛṣṭhe, ekadeśe, saṃnidhau, etc. See 165, 190, 192.

(*1)
This is the so called sāmīpye saptamī.

133. 「どこで」を表すloc.

第7格（saptamī） / 処格（locative）は、行為の状況を表すことに資する。その効力は英語の前置詞〈in, on, at, among, with, by, near〉によって説明される。これは「どこで」（where）だけでなく「どこへ」（whither）をも表す。言い換えると、時にラテン語におけるabl.を伴う”in”に、またある時にはacc.を伴う"in"に対応する。

A. 「どこで」を表すloc.—ここで以下の区分をせねばならない。

a.) 「…の範囲内で」（within）「…において」（in）の概念を伝達するもの
M. 1, 9 tasmiñ jajñe (in this [egg] Brahman himself was born)
Daç. 156 gaṅgāmbhasi viharan (sporting in the water of the Ganges)
ibid. 179 kasyacic citrakarasya haste citrapaṭaṃ dadarśa

b.) 歩いたり触れられたりする表面（surface）を表すもの：〈on, upon, over, at〉
Panc. 307 rāsabhaḥ kaścit tatra śmaśāne dṛṣṭaḥ (an ass was seen on that cemetery)
R. 3, 5, 10 vyajane] gṛhīte vāranārībhyāṃ dhūyamāne ca mūrdhani (courtesans, holding fans, waved them over his head)
Panc. 331 te ca matsyā vahnau pācanāya tiṣṭhanti (and those fishes are being boiled over the fire)
Daç. 140 pitā me viviktāyāṃ bhūmau sthito ’bhūt (my father laid down on the naked earth)
ibid. 141 śirasi jaghrantī

c.) 領土や領域を表すもの：〈in, at, on, Latin apud, in〉
Panc. l asti dākṣiṇātye janapade mahilāropyaṃ nāma nagaram
ibid. 319 rājagṛhe meṣayūtham asti (in the royal palace there was a flock of rams)
Kumâras. 5, 60 phalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ drumeṣu (fruits are seen on the trees)

よってpañcāleṣu (in the country of the Pancâlâs), kāśyām (at Benares)のようになる。
Mhbh. 1, 31, 18 ayam indrastribhuvane (he has been made Lord over the three worlds) （111-補足をみよ）

d.) 非常に近いが直接的に触れてはいないものを表すもの：〈near, on, about〉（*1）
Mhbh. 1, 170, 3 āsedurgaṅgāyāṃ pāṇḍunandanāḥ (Pâṇḍu's sons pitched tents near the Ganges)
Hitop. 29 no ced anāhāreṇātmānaṃ tava dvāri vyāpādayiṣyāmi (otherwise I will kill myself by starvation at your door)

よってKâd. I, p. 39では、yatraが「…の場所について」を表すのに用いられる。

e.) 「…の中に」（among）「…の真ん中で」（amid）を表すもの
Nala. 1, 13 na deveṣu na yakṣeṣu tādṛgrūpavatī kvacit / mānuṣeṣv api cānyeṣu dṛṣṭapūrvātha vā śrutā (neither among devas nor yakshas nor men nor among other beings such a beauty has been seen nor heard of anywhere)
Daç. 124 abhramac ca paurajānapadeṣv iyaṃ vārttā (this report spread among the townsmen and the countrymen)

116と比較せよ。

これらすべての多彩さは、第7格で伝達される一般的な概念で混同される。必要であれば、antaḥ（…の中で）のような前置詞やmadhye、tale、pṛṣṭhe、ekadeśe、saṃnidhauの語など、迂言の言い回しを用いることで、より正確に表現できる。165、190、192をみよ。

（*1）
これがいわゆるsāmīpye saptamīである。

134. Locative of the spot whither.

B. Locative of the spot whither. It attends of course on verbs and verbal nouns of moving, such as to go, to start, to lead, to send. Ch, Up. 2, 24, 5 eṣa vai yajamānasya loka etāsmi (I shall go to the world of him, in whose behalf the sacrifice is performed), Panc. 321 sa aṭavyāṃ gataḥ (he set out to the forest), ibid. 41 samīpavartini nagare prasthitaḥ, ibid. 269 śobhanasthāne tvayāhaṃ nītaḥ (you haye conducted me to a fine spot), R. 1, 11, 24 paureṣu preṣayāmāsa dṛtān (he sent messengers to the citizens), R. 2, 7, 26 apavāhya… bharataṃ tava bandhuṣu (after having removed Bharata to your kinsmen — ).

to enter. Panc. 283 matsyo nadyāṃ praviveśa (with you I will go into the fire).

to fall on or in. R. 3, 18, 25 papāta bhūmau, Çâk. I reṇuḥ patati… āśramadrumeṣu (the dust falls on the trees of the hermitage).

to submerge in. Kumâras. 1, 3 eko hi doṣo guṇasaṃnipāte nimajjatīndoḥ kiraṇeṣvivāṅkaḥ (for that one defect disappears in the contact with his virtues, like the moon’s spot submerges in its beams).

to throw in. Daç. 61 sarvam eva kuṭumbakaṃ bandhane kṣiptvā, Panc. 124 taṃ nadīguhāyāṃ prakṣipya.

to place — , to put in, upon. Mudr. III, p. 91 nyastaṃ mūrdhna padaṃ tavaiva jarayā (old age has set its foot on your head), Panc. 146 tatraiva bhikṣapātre (— put it in that very beggar’s bowl), Mhbh. 1, 40, 21 tasya skandhe mṛtaṃ sarpaṃ kruddho rājā samāsajat, Âpast. 1, 15, 21 khaṭvāyāṃ ca nopadadhyāt (nor shall he put [fire] under his bedstead). Metaphor: Prabodh. V, p. 112 yadādiśati bhagavatī mūrdhani niveśitāḥ sarvā evājñāḥ

to ascend. Kathâs. 29, 129 tarau… ārūṭhā rākṣasī (the râxasî climbed into the tree). Metaphor: Panc. I, 266 yasmin… cakṣur āropayati pārthivaḥ (he, on whom the king fixes his looks).

to strike, to hit. Çâk, I ārtatrāṇāya vaḥ śastraṃ na prahartum anāgasi, Kathâs. 28, 31 tasminkhaDgena prāharanmunau (be stroke the holy man with his sword), Mṛcch. II, p. 83 ghoṇāyāṃ muṣṭiprahāraṃ dadāti, Panc. 295 taṃ śirasyatāḍayat. And so on.

Rem. Note kṛ with loc., a very common turn = »to put in or on,” as skandhe, haste, pāṇau (*1), dhuri kṛ (to put at the head), sim.

(*1)
Cf. P. 1, 4, 77, where it is taught, that hastekṛtya pāṇaukṛtya are to be used when = »having married”, but haste kṛtvā »having put in the hand, — taken by the hand.”

134. 「どこへ」を表すloc.

B. 「どこへ」を表すloc.。これはもちろんのこと、「行く」「出発する」「導く」「送る」のような移動を表す動詞・動詞的名詞に係る。
Ch, Up. 2, 24, 5 eṣa vai yajamānasya loka etāsmi (I shall go to the world of him, in whose behalf the sacrifice is performed)
Panc. 321 sa aṭavyāṃ gataḥ (he set out to the forest)
ibid. 41 samīpavartini nagare prasthitaḥ
ibid. 269 śobhanasthāne tvayāhaṃ nītaḥ (you haye conducted me to a fine spot)
R. 1, 11, 24 paureṣu preṣayāmāsa dṛtān (he sent messengers to the citizens)
R. 2, 7, 26 apavāhya… bharataṃ tava bandhuṣu (after having removed Bharata to your kinsmen — )

・入る
Panc. 283 matsyo nadyāṃ praviveśa (with you I will go into the fire)

・降りかかる
R. 3, 18, 25 papāta bhūmau
Çâk. I reṇuḥ patati… āśramadrumeṣu (the dust falls on the trees of the hermitage)

・沈める
Kumâras. 1, 3 eko hi doṣo guṇasaṃnipāte nimajjatīndoḥ kiraṇeṣvivāṅkaḥ (for [that] one defect disappears in the contact with his virtues, like the moon’s spot submerges in its beams)

・投げ込む
Daç. 61 sarvam eva kuṭumbakaṃ bandhane kṣiptvā
Panc. 124 taṃ nadīguhāyāṃ prakṣipya

・…に置く
Mudr. III, p. 91 nyastaṃ mūrdhna padaṃ tavaiva jarayā (old age has set its foot on your head)
Panc. 146 tatraiva bhikṣapātre (— put it in that very beggar’s bowl)
Mhbh. 1, 40, 21 tasya skandhe mṛtaṃ sarpaṃ kruddho rājā samāsajat
Âpast. 1, 15, 21 khaṭvāyāṃ ca nopadadhyāt (nor shall he put [fire] under his bedstead)
（比喩）Prabodh. V, p. 112 yadādiśati bhagavatī mūrdhani niveśitāḥ sarvā evājñāḥ

・登る
Kathâs. 29, 129 tarau… ārūṭhā rākṣasī (the râxasî climbed into the tree)
（比喩）Panc. I, 266 yasmin… cakṣur āropayati pārthivaḥ (he, on whom the king fixes his looks)

・打つ
Çâk, I ārtatrāṇāya vaḥ śastraṃ na prahartum anāgasi
Kathâs. 28, 31 tasminkhaṅgena prāharanmunau (be stroke the holy man with his sword)
Mṛcch. II, p. 83 ghoṇāyāṃ muṣṭiprahāraṃ dadāti
Panc. 295 taṃ śirasyatāḍayat

【補足】
「…に置く」を表す非常に一般的な言い回しである、loc.を伴うkṛに注意せよ。skandhe、haste、pāṇau（*1）、dhuri kṛ等。

（*1）
hastekṛtya pāṇaukṛtyaが「結婚している」を表す場合に用いられるが、haste kṛtvāは「手に置いて、手を取って」を表す、ということを教示するP. 1, 4, 77を参照せよ。

134*.

The spot reached may also be denoted by the accusative. Compare with the above examples these: Ch. Up. 5, 3, 1 samitimeyāya (he came at the meeting), Panc. 143 svapṛṣṭhamāropya (after having put me on your back), Çâk. I tapovanaṃ tāvat praviśāmi etc. etc.

So with verbs of going, bringing, carrying, sending, ascending, entering. Those, however, of falling, throwing, placing, putting — as pat, kṣip, nyas, niveśayati, sthāpayati — seem to be construed with the locative exclusively. On the other hand the accusative is obligatory, if „to come to” is the metaphorical expression of „to become” (236), and in some other standing turns, as tulām ārohati.

134*.

到達される地点は、acc.によっても表されうる。上記の用例と以下を比較せよ。
Ch. Up. 5, 3, 1 samitimeyāya (he came at the meeting)
Panc. 143 svapṛṣṭhamāropya (after having put me on your back)
Çâk. I tapovanaṃ tāvat praviśāmi

よって「行く」「持ってくる」「運ぶ」「送る」「登る」「入る」を表す動詞を伴う。けれども、「落ちる」（√pat）、「投げる」（√kṣip）「配置する」（ni√as）、「置く」（niveśayati, sthāpayati）の動詞は、排他的にloc.を取るようである。一方で、「…に来る」が「…になる」の比喩的表現である場合や、tulām ārohatiのような定型句では、acc.を用いねばならない。

135. Noun-qualifying locatives.

According to what has been said 111, it is plain, that nothing impedes locatives qualifying a noun. Such phrases as kūpe salilam / nadyāṃ naukā are as good Sanskrit as „water in the pit,” „a boat on the river” are good English. — Here the genitive is concurrent.

In some turns the locative is standing, as in divisions of literary works as iti śrīmadrāmāyaṇe vālmikīya araṇyakhaṇḍe prathamaḥ sargaḥ, we say, the first sarga of the Âranyakhanḍa of the Râmayana of Valmîki.

135. 名詞を修飾するloc.

111で述べたことによれば、loc.が名詞を修飾することを禁ずるもののないことは明らかである。kūpe salilam / nadyāṃ naukāのような言い回しは、それぞれ「井戸の中の水」と「川面の舟」にちょうど当てはまる。ここではgen.が同じはたらきをする。

以下のような文学作品の一部（R.）のように、いくつかの言い回しでは、loc.が常に用いられる。
iti śrīmadrāmāyaṇe vālmikīya araṇyakhaṇḍe prathamaḥ sargaḥ （we say, the first sarga of the Âranyakhanḍa of the Râmayana of Valmîki）

136. Locative in idiomatic phrases.

II. Both kinds of locative are applied in so many and in so manifold ways, as to make it hardly practicable to enumerate them all distinctly and completely. It may suffice to mention the most important and the most striking idioms:

1. to drink from etc.

1. We will notice in the first place some peculiar phrases. Of the kind are:

to drink from. Panc. I lokaḥ pibati surāṃ narakapāle ’pi (men drink strong liquor even from a man’s skull) (*1).

to feed on. Daç. 174 saśeṣa evāndhasyasāvatṛpyata (he feasted on the rice, without leaving anything). In metaphorical sense tṛpyate and the like may also be construed with a locative. Mhbh. 1, 84, 2 na tṛpto ’smi yauvane. Cp. 123.

to be born from; to beget with. The mother is put in the locative. Cp. 100, 1. Kumâras. 1, 22 sā tasyām udapādi.

to reckon among. Daç. 199 agaṇyatāmareṣu (ha was reckoned among the gods).

(*1)
See Delbrück l.l. p. 33.

136. イディオム的フレーズでのloc.

II. どちらの類のloc.も多種多様に用いられるので、それらすべてを明確かつ完全に列挙するのは、ほとんど実行可能でない。最も重要で顕著なイディオムについて言及するだけで十分である：

1. 「…から飲む」等

1. 最初に、いくつかの独特のフレーズに言及しよう。この種の内訳は：

「…から飲む」
Panc. I lokaḥ pibati surāṃ narakapāle ’pi (men drink strong liquor even from a man’s skull) （*1）

「…を食べる」
Daç. 174 saśeṣa evāndhasyasāvatṛpyata (he feasted on the rice, without leaving anything)

比喩的な意味では、tṛpyateなどもloc.を取る。
Mhbh. 1, 84, 2 na tṛpto ’smi yauvane

123と比較せよ。

「…から生まれる」「…と子を成す」
母がloc.に置かれる。100-1をみよ。
Kumâras. 1, 22 sā tasyām udapādi

「…に数え上げる」
Daç. 199 agaṇyatāmareṣu (ha was reckoned among the gods)

（*1）
Delbrück [1867], p. 33をみよ。

137. 2. to stay with.

2. The locative in which is put the person, with whom one dwells, stays. Prabodh. VI, p. 123 anāthāhaṃ tvayi vastum icchāmi (I am without protector and wish to stay in your house), Mhbh. 1, 74, 12 nārīṇāṃ ciravāso hi bāndhaveṣu na rocate, Mudr. VII, p. 229 vayaṃ malayaketau kiñcit kālāntaram uṣitāḥ (I have stayed for some time with Mal.). So especially gurau vasati (he dwells with his spiritual father), Ch. Up. 4, 4, 3 brahmacaryaṃ bhagavati vatsyāmi (v. a. I will be the pupil of the Reverend).

137. 2. …と同居する

2. 人物のloc.は、その人と「住む」「滞在する」ことを表す。
Prabodh. VI, p. 123 anāthāhaṃ tvayi vastum icchāmi (I am without protector and wish to stay in your house)
Mhbh. 1, 74, 12 nārīṇāṃ ciravāso hi bāndhaveṣu na rocate
Mudr. VII, p. 229 vayaṃ malayaketau kiñcit kālāntaram uṣitāḥ (I have stayed for some time with Mal.)
gurau vasati (he dwells with his spiritual father)
Ch. Up. 4, 4, 3 brahmacaryaṃ bhagavati vatsyāmi (v. a. I will be the pupil of the Reverend)

138. 3. mate tiṣṭhati etc.

3. sthā or vṛt with loc. = „keeping close to”, that is observing, obeying one’s precept, principle, judgment etc. Çâk. VI na me śāsane tiṣṭhasi (you do not obey my order), Daç. 72 mātur mate vartasva (comply with the wish of your mother). Cp. Lat. stat promissis, stat sententiâ and Kâç. on P. 1, 3, 23 mayi tiṣṭhate (it rests on me = I am to decide.)

138. 3. mate tiṣṭhati etc.

3. loc.を伴う√sthāや√vṛt＝「…の近くを保つ」は、「観察する」、何某かの教え・原理・裁定等に「従う」ことを表す。
Çâk. VI na me śāsane tiṣṭhasi (you do not obey my order)
Daç. 72 mātur mate vartasva (comply with the wish of your mother)

ラテン語の”stat promissis, stat sententiâ”およびKâç. on P. 1, 3, 23 mayi tiṣṭhate (it rests on me = I am to decide.)と比較せよ。e

139. 4. Locative of the thing touched.

4. The locative, which serves to denote the thing touched. It is used with a.) verbs of fastening at — especially bandh — as well in their proper as in a figurative sense; likewise with the others, b.) those of clinging, adhering to, as lag, śliṣ, saj etc., c.) of leaning on, relying on, trusting, d.) of seizing by, e.) of falling at one’s feet — and in other similar locutions, as f. i. Ragh. 1, 19 maurvo dhanuṣi cātatā (and the string, bent on the bow), Çâk. VI śṛṅge kṛṣṇamṛgasya vāmanuyanaṃ kaṇḍūyamānāṃ mṛgīm (an antelope’s female, rubbing her left eye against the horn of her male companion).

with verbs of fastening.

Examples: a.) Panc. 238 tatra kṛkṣe pāśaṃ babandha, ibid. 286 dāserakagrīvāyāṃ mahatī ghaṇṭā pratibaddhā, Pat. I, p. 40 naurnāvi baddhā, Bhâg. Pur. 4, 27, 10 vaṣayeṣvabadhyata (he was attached to wordliness), Ragh. 3, 4 abhilārṣa tathāvidhe mano babandha (she bent her mind to such a desire).

of clinging and adhering.

b.) Panc. V, 8 āṭhye rajyanti jananivahāḥ (crowds of people cling to a rich man), ibid. 307 kaścit tasya grīvāyāṃ lagati (one [of them] falls on his neck), Daç. 75 tasyām asau prāsajat (he fell in love with her), Ch. Up. 4, 14, 3 evaṃ vidi pāpaṃ karma na śliṣyati (no evil deed clings to him, who knows so), Panc. II, 131 vyasaneṣvasaktaṃ śūram (a hero, not addicted to vices).

c.) 1. to lean on. R. 2, 46, 27 na… svapeyur vṛkṣamūleṣu saṃśritāḥ (lest they should sleep, lying down on roots of trees). — With śri and its compounds, likewise with avalamb, the accus. is the regular construction, not the loc, especially in the metaph. sense »to apply one’s self to somebody, to implore one’s aid.” —

of relying on and trusting.

2. to rely on. Panc. na mātari na dāreṣu na sodarye na cātmaje / viśrambhastādṛśaḥ yādṛṅmitre nirantare, Çâk. I balavad api śikṣitānāmātmanyepratyayaṃ cetaḥ (even these who possess strong learning, mistrust themselves). So with āśaṃs (to hope on), viśvas (to trust), sim. Çâk. II āśaṃsante surāḥ… asyādhijye dhanuṣi vijayaṃ pauruhṛte ca vajre (the gods have confidence in his bent bow and in Indra’s thunderbolt), Panc. II, 48 viśvasiti śatruṣu. Cp. 131.

of seizing by.

d.) Panc. 161 pāṇau saṃgṛhya (seized by the hand — ), Mṛcch. I, p. 39 radanikāṃ keśeṣu gṛhītvā, Kathâs. 29, 3 kaṇṭhe jagrāha (she laid her hand at on her neck).

of falling at one’s feet.

e.) pādayo patati is a standing phrase. See f. i. Çâk. IV pituḥ pādayoḥ patati.

139. 4. 触れられる対象を表すloc.

4. 触れられる対象を表すことに資するloc.。これは以下のような動詞を伴って用いられる：
a.) 比喩的な意味のものと同じに、「…で結ぶ」を表す動詞（特にbandh）
b.) …に「くっつく」「執着する」（√lag、√śliṣ、√saj）
c.) …に「凭れる」「頼る」「信じる」
d.) …を「掴む」
e.) …の「足元に倒れる」

および以下のような類似の言い回し：
Ragh. 1, 19 maurvo dhanuṣi cātatā (and the string, bent on the bow)
Çâk. VI śṛṅge kṛṣṇamṛgasya vāmanuyanaṃ kaṇḍūyamānāṃ mṛgīm (an antelope’s female, rubbing her left eye against the horn of her male companion)

a.) 「結ぶ」等
Panc. 238 tatra kṛkṣe pāśaṃ babandha
ibid. 286 dāserakagrīvāyāṃ mahatī ghaṇṭā pratibaddhā
Pat. I, p. 40 naurnāvi baddhā
Bhâg. Pur. 4, 27, 10 vaṣayeṣvabadhyata (he was attached to wordliness)
Ragh. 3, 4 abhilārṣa tathāvidhe mano babandha (she bent her mind to such a desire)

b.) 「くっつく」「執着する」等
Panc. V, 8 āṭhye rajyanti jananivahāḥ (crowds of people cling to a rich man)
ibid. 307 kaścit tasya grīvāyāṃ lagati (one [of them] falls on his neck)
Daç. 75 tasyām asau prāsajat (he fell in love with her)
Ch. Up. 4, 14, 3 evaṃ vidi pāpaṃ karma na śliṣyati (no evil deed clings to him, who knows so)
Panc. II, 131 vyasaneṣvasaktaṃ śūram (a hero, not addicted to vices)

c.)
1. 「凭れる」
R. 2, 46, 27 na… svapeyur vṛkṣamūleṣu saṃśritāḥ (lest they should sleep, lying down on roots of trees)

√śriを伴うものは、とりわけ比喩的な意味（〈人物〉に専念する、〈人物〉に援助を嘆願する）の場合、ava√lambを伴うものと同様に、loc.ではなくacc.が通常の構文である。

2. 「頼る」「信じる」
Panc. na mātari na dāreṣu na sodarye na cātmaje / viśrambhastādṛśaḥ yādṛṅmitre nirantare
Çâk. I balavad api śikṣitānām ātmanyepratyayaṃ cetaḥ (even these who possess strong learning, mistrust themselves)

ā√śaṃs（…を願う）、vi√śvas（信じる）などを伴うものは以下の通り（131と比較せよ）：
Çâk. II āśaṃsante surāḥ… asyādhijye dhanuṣi vijayaṃ pauruhṛte ca vajre (the gods have confidence in his bent bow and in Indra’s thunderbolt)
Panc. II, 48 viśvasiti śatruṣu

d.) 「掴む」
Panc. 161 pāṇau saṃgṛhya (seized by the hand — )
Mṛcch. I, p. 39 radanikāṃ keśeṣu gṛhītvā
Kathâs. 29, 3 kaṇṭhe jagrāha (she laid her hand at on her neck)

e.) 「足元に倒れる」
pādayo patatiが定型句である。
Çâk. IV pituḥ pādayoḥ patati

140. 5. Locative in abstract sense.

5. The locative, when used in the same way as English „in him I see much skill.” So Mhbh. I sarvaṃ saṃbhāvayāmy asminn asādhyam api sādhayet (I may expect all of him, he can do impossibilities), Çâk. II dṛsṭadoṣā mṛgayā svāmini (hunting is reckoned to be vicious in a prince), Prab. V, p. 109 ārtānāmupadeśe na doṣaḥ (there is no sin in giving a good counsel to the afflicted), R. 2, 7, 10 ācacakṣe ’tha kubjāyai mahatīṃ rāghave śriyam (and she told Kubjâ of the great happiness of Râma).

Rem. 1. When used as the predicate of the sentence, this locative is occasionally carrying the notion of »suiting, befitting.” Panc. I, 305 samānaśīlavyasaneṣu sakhyam (friendship suits similar characters and inclinations), ibid. p. 251 nayatyāgaśauryasaṃpanne puruṣe rājyam (the royal dignity befits a man accomplished in political science, liberality and gallantry).

Locat. = „in the meaning of."

Rem. 2. Synonyms explaining the meaning of some word, are put in the locative, which accordingly = »in this meaning.” Amarak. kalāpo bhūṣaṇe barhe tūṇīre saṃhatāv api (the word kalâpa may have the meaning of bhûshaṇa ornament, barha a peacock’s tail, tûṇîra quiver and saṃhati mass or heap), Kâm. 2, 17 vidir jñāne nirucyate (vid is explained as meaning: to know), Âpast. 1, 5, 1 niyameṣu tapaḥ śabdaḥ.

140. 5. 抽象的な意味のloc.

5. 英語の”in him I see much skill”と同じ仕方で用いられるloc.
Mhbh. I sarvaṃ saṃbhāvayāmy asminn asādhyam api sādhayet (I may expect all of him, he can do impossibilities)
Çâk. II dṛsṭadoṣā mṛgayā svāmini (hunting is reckoned to be vicious in a prince)
Prab. V, p. 109 ārtānāmupadeśe na doṣaḥ (there is no sin in giving a good counsel to the afflicted)
R. 2, 7, 10 ācacakṣe ’tha kubjāyai mahatīṃ rāghave śriyam (and she told Kubjâ of the great happiness of Râma)

【補足1】
文の述語として用いる場合、loc.は「適当な」「相応しい」の概念を伝達することがある。
Panc. I, 305 samānaśīlavyasaneṣu sakhyam (friendship suits similar characters and inclinations)
ibid. p. 251 nayatyāgaśauryasaṃpanne puruṣe rājyam (the royal dignity befits a man accomplished in political science, liberality and gallantry).

「…の意味で」を表すloc.

【補足2】
何らかの語の意味を説明する同義語群がloc.に置かれると、「…の意味で」を表す。
Amarak. kalāpo bhūṣaṇe barhe tūṇīre saṃhatāv api (the word kalâpa may have the meaning of bhûshaṇa ornament, barha a peacock’s tail, tûṇîra quiver and saṃhati mass or heap)
Kâm. 2, 17 vidir jñāne nirucyate (vid is explained as meaning: to know)
Âpast. 1, 5, 1 niyameṣu tapaḥ śabdaḥ

141. 6. Locat. with words of excellence, weakness etc.

6. The qualities, arts, science etc. in which one excels or is weak, equal or unequal, when put in the locative. R. 1, 1, 17 samudra iva gāmbhīrye sthairye ca himavān iva / viṣṇunā sadṛśo vīrye kṣamayā pṛthivīsamaḥ / dhanadena samastyāge satye dharma ivāparaḥ, Mhbh. 1, 88, 13 prabhur agniḥ pratapane bhūmir āvapane prabhuḥ / prabhuḥ sūryaḥ prakāśitve. Here the ablative and instrumental are concurrent idioms.

141. 6. 優劣などの語を伴うloc.

6. 品質、技術、科学などが〈優れている・劣っている〉、〈同等である・同等でない〉場合にはloc.に置かれる。
R. 1, 1, 17 samudra iva gāmbhīrye sthairye ca himavān iva / viṣṇunā sadṛśo vīrye kṣamayā pṛthivīsamaḥ / dhanadena samastyāge satye dharma ivāparaḥ
Mhbh. 1, 88, 13 prabhur agniḥ pratapane bhūmir āvapane prabhuḥ / prabhuḥ sūryaḥ prakāśitve

ここではabl.とinst.が同じはたらきをする。

142. 7. With nouns of ability, skill, etc.

7. The seventh case attending nouns of ability, skill, knowledge and the like. Here the genitive is the concurrent construction (124, 1-).

Examples of the locative: Ch. Up. 1, 8, 1 trayo hodgīthe kuśalā babhūvuḥ (three men were well-versed in the Word), Kathâs. 24, 187 ratnādiṣvan abhijñasya (of one, not being a judge of jewelry), Mâlav. V, p. 131 kasyāṃ kalāyām abhivinīte (what art the ladies are acquainted with?), Nâgân. I, p. 2 nāṭye dakṣā vayam (we are skilled in dramatic representations). — It attends also verbs of that meaning. Pat. I , p, 280 vidyāsu śikṣate / dhanuṣi śikṣate.

Rem. 1. Vârtt. 1 on P. 2, 3, 36 gives a special rule for adjectives in -in made of participles in -ta, complying with locative. The examples given by Pat. I, p. 458 adhītī vyākaraṇa (well read in grammar), āmnātī chandasi (knowing the theory of metrics) prove that kind of locative to belong to the general class of words of ability and skill. Cp. Daç. 157 deva sa eṣa me jāmātā… adhītī caturṣvāmnāyeṣu gṛhītī ṣaṭsvaṅgeṣu.

Rem. 2. P. 2, 3, 44 teaches the promiscuous use of locative and instrumental with the adjectives prasita and utsuka (caring for, solicitous).

142. 7. 能力・技能等の名詞を伴うもの

7. 能力・技能・知識などの名詞を伴う第7格。ここではgen.が同じはたらきをする（124-1以下）。
Ch. Up. 1, 8, 1 trayo hodgīthe kuśalā babhūvuḥ (three men were well-versed in the Word)
Kathâs. 24, 187 ratnādiṣvan abhijñasya (of one, not being a judge of jewelry)
Mâlav. V, p. 131 kasyāṃ kalāyām abhivinīte (what art the ladies are acquainted with?)
Nâgân. I, p. 2 nāṭye dakṣā vayam (we are skilled in dramatic representations)

同じ意味の動詞を伴うこともある。
Pat. I , p, 280 vidyāsu śikṣate / dhanuṣi śikṣate

【補足1】
Vârtt. on P. 2, 3, 36は、〔過去受動〕分詞-taから作られる形容詞-inがloc.を取る際に、特別な規則を与えている。
Pat. I, p. 458 adhītī vyākaraṇa (well read in grammar), āmnātī chandasi (knowing the theory of metrics)

Patañjaliの与える上の例は、能力や技能を表す語の一般的な部類に属するloc.を示している。以下と比較せよ：Daç. 157 deva sa eṣa me jāmātā… adhītī caturṣvāmnāyeṣu gṛhītī ṣaṭsvaṅgeṣu。

【補足2】
P. 2, 3, 44は、形容詞prasitaとutsuka（…を気遣って）を伴うloc.とinst.の使用の乱雑さを説いている。

143. 8. Locative of time and circumstances.

8. The locative, which denotes the circumstances, under which the action comes to pass. So āpadi „in time of distress”, kāle „in due time,” bhāgyeṣu „in fortune” and the like. This kind of locative has a very great extension and encompasses also the locative of time as well as the absolute locative. The former denotes the time at which, the when, as dinedine (every day), varṣāsu (in the rainy season), niśāyām (at night), pratyūṣe (at daybreak), eṣu vāsareṣu (in these days), ādau (at the beginning) etc. Ch. Up, 3, 16, 2 etasminvayasi (in this age).

The latter occurs, if the circumstance under which is signified by two nouns, one of which is the predicate of the other. As the said noun-predicate generally is expressed by a participle, it is to the chapter on participles we refer for a full account of the absolute locative. Here it may suffice to point out by an evident example its close connexion with the locatives of circumstance and time.

Mudr. IV, p. 147 tvayy utkṛṣṭabale ‘bhiyoktari nṛpe nandānurakte pure / cāṇakye calitādhikāravimukhe maurye nave rājani / svādhīne mayi mārgamātrakathanavyāpārayogodyame / tvadvāñchāntaritāni samprati vibho tiṣṭhanti sādhyāni naḥ

thus freely translated by Wilson: »But let Your Highness weigh / these circumstances also…your forces are collected, / yourself, the heir legitimate of kings, / your adversary but a base usurper; / his very capital is hostile him, / in me you have a faithful guide at least; / and all appliances and means to boot / provided; nought remains but your command” (*1).

(*1)
Compare such locatives, which denote a circumstance by a single word, as in the proverb chidreṣvanarthā bahulī bhavanti (v. a. misfortune never comes singly), Panc. V, 103 naikaḥ supteṣu jāgṛyāt. They cannot be styled absolute locatives, but serve just the same purpose as those.

143. 8. 時間・状況を表すloc.

8. その下で行為が行われる状況を表すloc。āpadi（苦難の時に）、kāle（予定時刻に）、bhāgyeṣu（幸運に）など。この種のloc.は非常に幅広く、時間を表すloc.や絶対処格（absolute loc.）をもカバーする。前者は、dine dine（毎日）、varṣāsu（雨季に）、niśāyām（夜に）、pratyūṣe（夜明けに）、eṣu vāsareṣu（この頃）、ādau（始めに）など、「…に」（at）や「…の時に」（when）を表す。
Ch. Up, 3, 16, 2 etasmin vayasi (in this age)

後者は、状況が、一方がもう一方の述語である2つの名詞によって表される場合に発生する。上記の名詞述語はふつう分詞で表現されるため、絶対処格の完全な説明に関しては、分詞についての章（第5部）を参照されたし。ここでは、明確な例によって、状況・時間を表すloc.との密接な関係を指摘するだけで足りる。
Mudr. IV, p. 147 tvayyukṛṣṭabale ‘bhiyoktari nṛpe nandānurakte pure / cāṇakye calitādhikāravimukhe maurye nave rājati / svādhīce mayi mārgamātrakathanavyāpārayogodyame / tvadvācchāntaritāni samprati vibho tiṣṭhanti sādhyāni naḥ

これはWilson [1827]に、自由な感じで訳されている：”But let Your Highness weigh / these circumstances also…your forces are collected, / yourself, the heir legitimate of kings, / your adversary but a base usurper; / his very capital is hostile him, / in me you have a faithful guide at least; / and all appliances and means to boot / provided; nought remains but your command.”（*1）

（*1）
この諺chidreṣvanarthā bahulī bhavanti (v. a. misfortune never comes singly)のように、1単語で状況を表すようなloc.と比較せよ。
Panc. V, 103 naikaḥ supteṣu jāgṛyāt

これらはabs. loc.とは呼べないが、これらと同じ目的にのみ資する。

144. 9. Locat. of distance.

9. The locative denoting, at which distance one thing or fact is from another. Ait. Br. 2, 17, 8 sahasrāśvīne vā itaḥ svargā lokaḥ (heaven, indeed, is from here at a distance of a thousand journeys on horseback), R. 3, 4, 20 ito vasati… adhyardhayojane maharṣiḥ, Kathâs. 28, 188 ito me ṣaṣṭiyojanyāṃ(*1) gṛham (my house is at sixty yojanas from here). Cp. 99 R. 1.

Rem. Pat. I, p. 455 mentions the promiscuousness of the turns gavīdhūmataḥ sāṃkāśyaṃ catvāri yojanāni or caturṣu yojaneṣu. But if an interval of time is to be signified, the locative alone is available: kārttikyā āgrahāyaṇī māse (the full moon of Agrahayant is a month after that of Kârttikî).

(*1)
So is the good reading, Brockhaus’ edition has. shashṭiyojanyaṃ gṛham.

144. 9. 距離を表すloc.

9. 他の所にある物や事実が、どの距離にあるのかを表すloc.
Ait. Br. 2, 17, 8 sahasrāśvīne vā itaḥ svargā lokaḥ (heaven, indeed, is from here at a distance of a thousand journeys on horseback)
R. 3, 4, 20 ito vasati… adhyardhayojane maharṣiḥ Kathâs. 28, 188 ito me ṣaṣṭiyojanyāṃ（*1） gṛham (my house is at sixty yojanas from here)

99-補足1と比較せよ。

【補足】
Patañjaliは、以下の言い回しの〔nom.でもloc.でもよいという〕乱雑さに言及している。
Pat. I, p. 455 gavīdhūmataḥ sāṃkāśyaṃ catvāri yojanāni （/ caturṣu yojaneṣu）

けれども、時間を隔てていることが表される場合、loc.だけが使用可能である：kārttikyā āgrahāyaṇī māse (the full moon of Agrahayant is a month after that of Kârttikî)

145. Dative-like locative.

III. Dative-like locative. In 134 it has been shown, that the locative is used with verbs of putting in or on, placing etc. Sanskrit extends that idiom to many kindred conceptions, and often uses the locative with verbs of giving, promising, buying, selling, telling etc., so as to make it concur with the dative or the genitive of the remote object. Cp. English to bestow upon.

Examples of the dative-like locative: R. 1, 68, 16 saṃpradānaṃ sutāyāstu rāghave kartum icchati, ibid. 1, 51, 5 rāma upāharat pūjāṃ mama mātā, ibid. 1, 75, 7 sahasrākṣe pratijñāya (promised it to Indra), Mudr. V, p. 159 śarīraṃ vikrīya dhanavati (having sold himself to a rich man), Mhbh. 1, 30, 6 nāma cakrur mahākhage (they gave a name to the great bird), Kathâs. 28, 34 etatkṛtaṃ tvayi (this is done to you). Cp. R. 2, 96, 28 mokṣyāmi śatrusainyeṣu kakṣeṣv iva hutāśanam.

145. dat.的loc.

III. dat.的loc.。134では、loc.が「…に置く」などの動詞と用いられることを示した。サンスクリットはそのようなイディオムを同類の多くの概念に拡大し、しばしば、間接目的語のdat.やgen.と一致するように、loc.を「与える」「約束する」「買う」「売る」「伝える」などの動詞と用いる。英語の”to bestow upon”と比較せよ。

例：
R. 1, 68, 16 saṃpradānaṃ sutāyāstu rāghave kartum icchati
ibid. 1, 51, 5 rāma upāharat pūjāṃ mama mātā
ibid. 1, 75, 7 sahasrākṣe pratijñāya (promised it to Indra)
Mudr. V, p. 159 śarīraṃ vikrīya dhanavati (having sold himself to a rich man)
Mhbh. 1, 30, 6 nāma cakrur mahākhage (they gave a name to the great bird)
Kathâs. 28, 34 etatkṛtaṃ tvayi (this is done to you)

以下と比較せよ。
R. 2, 96, 28 mokṣyāmi śatrusainyeṣu kakṣeṣv iva hutāśanam

146.

In several phrases the locative may even be a concurrent idiom of the dativus finalis, especially of the infinitive-like dative. It is namely put to a.) words of striving after, wishing, resolving; b.) to verbs of appointing to, ordaining, enjoining, permitting, as sthāpayati, ādiś, niyuj, c.) to words meaning able, fit and the like.

Examples: a.) Mhbh. 1, 138, 69 prayatitaṃ rājye mayā tava (I have coveted your kingdom), Panc. IV, 26 sarvasvaharaṇe yuktaṃ śatruṃ… toṣayantyalpadānena (an enemy, who has prepared himself to take off the whole, may be appeased by a small gift), Mâlat. III, p. 50 mahattvāropaṇe yatnaḥ (endeavours to attain at greatness), Mhbh. 1, 141, 2 dahane ṣuddhimakārayat (he made up his mind to burn [the Pândavas]), R. 3, 4, 4 vegaṃ pracakraturvadhe tasya (both made speed to kill him).

b.) M. 1, 28 karmaṇi nyayuṅkta (he has appointed to a task), Çâk. I imāṃ valkaladhāraṇe niyuṅkte (v. a. he obliges her to wear a dress of bark), Kathâs. 25, 123 sa rājā mallasya yuddhe tasya samādiśat… tam (the king designated him to fight the athlete), ibid. 29, 29 anujñā tvatpārśvagamane (permission to go to you). — In the same way one says rājye sthāpitaḥ (he is appointed to the kingdom), patitve varayāmāsa tam (she chose that man to be her husband), Panc. 162 taṃ yauvarājye ‘bhiṣiktavān (he anointed that young man heir-apparent) and the like.

c.) R. 3, 13, 20 bhavān śaktaḥ parirakṣaṇe (you are able to guard), Panc. 156 asamaryo ’yam udarapūraṇe ‘smākam (he is not able to supply us with food), Mhbh. 1, 148, 3 kālaṃ manye palāyane (it is time, methinks, to run away).

146. dat.的inf.と同じ働きをするloc.

いくつかのフレーズでは、loc.は境界を表すdat.（dativus finalis）、とりわけdat.的inf.と同じはたらきをもし得る。すなわち、a.) （…を求めて）「努力する」「願う」「決意する」を表す語；b.) （…を…に）「任命する」「定める」「禁止する」「許す」を表す動詞（sthāpayati、ā√diś、ni√yuj）、c.) 「…できる」「…に適した」などを意味する語、に付加される。

例：
a.)
Mhbh. 1, 138, 69 prayatitaṃ rājye mayā tava (I have coveted your kingdom)
Panc. IV, 26 sarvasvaharaṇe yuktaṃ śatruṃ… toṣayantyalpadānena (an enemy, who has prepared himself to take off the whole, may be appeased by a small gift)
Mâlat. III, p. 50 mahattvāropaṇe yatnaḥ (endeavours to attain at greatness)
Mhbh. 1, 141, 2 dahane ṣuddhimakārayat (he made up his mind to burn [the Pândavas])
R. 3, 4, 4 vegaṃ pracakraturvadhe tasya (both made speed to kill him)

b.)
M. 1, 28 karmaṇi nyayuṅkta (he has appointed to a task)
Çâk. I imāṃ valkaladhāraṇe niyuṅkte (v. a. he obliges her to wear a dress of bark)
Kathâs. 25, 123 sa rājā mallasya yuddhe tasya samādiśat… tam (the king designated him to fight the athlete)
ibid. 29, 29 anujñā tvatpārśvagamane (permission to go to you)

同じ仕方でrājye sthāpitaḥ (he is appointed to the kingdom)、patitve varayāmāsa tam (she chose that man to be her husband)、Panc. 162 taṃ yauvarājye ‘bhiṣiktavān (he anointed that young man heir-apparent)などともできる。

c.)
R. 3, 13, 20 bhavān śaktaḥ parirakṣaṇe (you are able to guard)
Panc. 156 asamaryo ’yam udarapūraṇe ‘smākam (he is not able to supply us with food)
Mhbh. 1, 148, 3 kālaṃ manye palāyane (it is time, methinks, to run away)

147. Nimittasaptamî.

IV. Nimittasaptamî. As the locative often denotes the spot, towards which there is some movement, so it may be used at a very large extent to signify the person or thing, towards which some action is directed, in other terms, that on account of which something is done. Speaking exactly, the dative-like locative, we have dealt with in the last two paragraphs, is but a consequence of this general faculty to denote that, about which one is engaged. Here are some examples of this idiom: Kâç. on P. 2, 3, 36 carmaṇi dvīpinaṃ hanti dantayor hanti kuñcaraṃ / keśeṣu camarī hanti sīmni puṣkalako hataḥ (the panter is killed on account of its skin, the elephant for its tusks, yaks for their tails and the musk-deer on account of its musk-gland), Kâç. on P. 1, 3, 47 kṣetre vivadante (they are at law on account of a field), Panc. 288 yuktam idaṃ svāmino nijabhṛtyeṣu (this is convenient for a lord with respect to his attendants), M. 3, 107 uttameṣūttamaṃ kuryād dhīne hīnaṃ same samam.

147. nimitta-saptamī

IV. nimitta-saptamī（原因の意味で用いられる第7格）。loc.はしばしば何らかの動作がある地点を指示するので、ある行動がそれに向かって向けられる人・物、換言すれば、それのために何かが行われる人・物を示すために、非常に広範囲にわたって使用される。正確に言うと、先の2つの項で扱ったdat.的loc.は、どれが関与しているかについて表す、このような一般的な機能の結果に過ぎない。
Kâç. on P. 2, 3, 36 carmaṇi dvīpinaṃ hanti dantayor hanti kuñcaraṃ / keśeṣu camarī hanti sīmni puṣkalako hataḥ (the panter is killed on account of its skin, the elephant for its tusks, yaks for their tails and the musk-deer on account of its musk-gland)
Kâç. on P. 1, 3, 47 kṣetre vivadante (they are at law on account of a field)
Panc. 288 yuktam idaṃ svāmino nijabhṛtyeṣu (this is convenient for a lord with respect to his attendants)
M. 3, 107 uttameṣūttamaṃ kuryād dhīne hīnaṃ same samam

148.

This kind of locative is sometimes bordering on that, taught in 140.

The nimittasaptamî (locative of the motive; locative of reference) often serves to qualify such substantives as sauhada, bhakti, vaira, abhilāṣa, ādara, anādara, anukrośa, avajñā, kṛpā, viśvāsa and the like. The genitive is here, of course, the concurrent construction.

Examples: Daç. 89 tasyodārake vairam abhyavardhayat (he fomented bis enmity towards Ud.), Mhbh. 1, 155, 9 arhasi kṛpāṃ kartuṃ mayi (you must have pity on me), Çâk. I asyām abhilāṣi me manaḥ (my heart longs for her), R. 2, 103, 22 rāmedṛḍhabhaktimān, Hitop. 9 kathaṃ tvayi viśvāsaḥ, R. 1, 50, 24 mahādhanuṣi, Panc. 251 na ca laghuṣv api kartavyeṣu dhīmaddhir anādaraḥ kāryaḥ (a wise man must not be careless about business, however small).

It also attends on several adjectives, part of which likewise comply with a genitive, as priya, yukta, bhakta and the inverse of them, rata (fond of), nirata (delighting in) etc. Mâlat. X, p. 172 prīto ‘smi jāmātari, Çâk. II anukrāriṇi pūrvaṣāṃ yuktarūpam idaṃ tvayi, Panc. V 65 nāryaḥ kevalaṃ svasukhe ratāḥ

148. 名詞を修飾するloc.

この種のloc.は、140のものと境を接することがある。

nimitta-saptamī（動機のloc.；関係のloc.）はしばしば、sauhada、bhakti、vaira、abhilāṣa、ādara、anādara、anukrośa、avajñā、kṛpā、viśvāsaのような実名詞を修飾することがある。もちろんのこと、ここではgen.も同じ働きをする。

例：
Daç. 89 tasyodārake vairam abhyavardhayat (he fomented bis enmity towards Ud.)
Mhbh. 1, 155, 9 arhasi kṛpāṃ kartuṃ mayi (you must have pity on me)
Çâk. I asyām abhilāṣi me manaḥ (my heart longs for her)
R. 2, 103, 22 rāmedṛḍhabhaktimān
Hitop. 9 kathaṃ tvayi viśvāsaḥ
R. 1, 50, 24 mahādhanuṣi
Panc. 251 na ca laghuṣv api kartavyeṣu dhīmaddhir anādaraḥ kāryaḥ (a wise man must not be careless about business, however small)

priya、yukta、bhaktaやそれらの対義語、rata（…を好んで）やnirata（…を楽しんで）など、一部が同様にgen.に従うようないくつかの形容詞にも伴われる。
Mâlat. X, p. 172 prīto ‘smi jāmātari
Çâk. II anukrāriṇi pūrvaṣāṃ yuktarūpam idaṃ tvayi
Panc. V 65 nāryaḥ kevalaṃ svasukhe ratāḥ

149. Locative expressive of a disposition towards.

In general, the locative may denote a disposition towards somebody. {P. 2, 3, 43.} Then it is synonymous with the prepos. prati, as devadattaḥ sādhur mātari or mātaraṃ prati (N. N. is good for his mother).

Examples: Daç. 144 pratinivṛtto yuṣmāsu yathārhaṃ pratipatsye (when I shall be returned, I shall deal with you as you deserve), Çâk. I kathaṃ yathā vayam asyām iyam apy asmān prati (bow, can it be, that she feels towards me, as I towards her?), Panc. IV, 72 upakāriṣu yaḥ sādhuḥ sādhutve tasya ko guṇaḥ / apakāriṣu yaḥ sādhu sa sādhuḥ saddhir ucyate (if one is good for those, who have done well to him, what is his merit? only he is named good by the virtuous, who does well to his enemies), Çâk. IV bhava dakṣiṇā parijane (be kind to your household).

149. 某への気分を表すloc.

一般に、loc.は何某かへの気分を表しうる。{P. 2, 3, 43.} すると、devadattaḥ sādhur 〈mātari / mātaraṃ prati〉 (N. N. is good for his mother)のように、前置詞pratiと同義である。

例：
Daç. 144 pratinivṛtto yuṣmāsu yathārhaṃ pratipatsye (when I shall be returned, I shall deal with you as you deserve)
Çâk. I kathaṃ yathā vayam asyām iyam apy asmān prati (bow, can it be, that she feels towards me, as I towards her?)
Panc. IV, 72 upakāriṣu yaḥ sādhuḥ sādhutve tasya ko guṇaḥ / apakāriṣu yaḥ sādhu sa sādhuḥ saddhir ucyate (if one is good for those, who have done well to him, what is his merit? only he is named good by the virtuous, who does well to his enemies)
Çâk. IV bhava dakṣiṇā parijane (be kind to your household)

150. Locatives as adverbs.

Many locatives have the character of adverbs, as ādau (in the beginning), rahasi (secretly), ekānte (apart), agre (at the head), etc., especially such as denote time or space (*1).

(*1)
Mhbh. 1, 140, 49 the loc. ekasmin, it seems, does duty of an adverb = »singly, alone.” The chacal has artfully removed his competitors, and now he eats up all the flesh, alone.
evaṃ teṣu prayāteṣu jambuko haṣṭamānasaḥ / khādati sma tadā māṃ samekasmin mantraniścayāt
Cp. Dutch: in zijn eentje.

150. 副詞としてのloc.

多くのloc.は副詞的性格をもつ。ādau（始めに）、rahasi（密かに）、ekānte（離れて）、agre（真っ先に）など、とりわけ時間・空間を表すもの（*1）がそうである。

（*1）
Mhbh. 1, 140, 49では、loc.のekasminが副詞のはたらきをしているようである（＝「単体で、独りで」）。
「ジャッカルは巧みに競争相手を排除し、今では、彼は一人ですべての肉を食べ尽くしている」
evaṃ teṣu prayāteṣu jambuko haṣṭamānasaḥ / khādati sma tadā māṃ samekasmin mantraniścayāt
オランダ語の”in zijn eentje”と比較せよ。