6. Verb-predicate in the active voice or in the passive.

As to the verb-predicate, the same action may be expressed as well by the active voice as by the passive. When active, its agent or subject is put in the nominative case and its object in the accusative; devadattaḥ kaṭaṃ karoti (N. N. makes a mat). In the passive sentence, the object of the action is subject of the sentence and accordingly a nominative; the agent is invariably put in the instrumenal. devadattena kaṭaḥ kriyate (the mat is made by N. N.); of svapimi (I sleep) the pass. form is mayā supyate (it is slept by me), and so on.

6. 能動態や受動態における動詞述語

動詞述語（verb-predicate）に関しては、受動態（passive voice）と同じように、能動態（active voice）でも同じ行動が表現される場合がある。能動態の場合、行為主体や主語は主格に、行為対象は対格に配される；devadattaḥ kaṭaṃ karoti (デーヴァダッタはマットを作る)。受動文では、行為対象が文の主語であり、行為主体は常に具格に配される。devadattena kaṭaḥ kriyate (マットがデーヴァダッタによって作られる); svapimi (私は眠る) の受動言はmayā supyate（私によって眠られる）など。