9. Participles, doing duty of finite verbs.
Participles, especially those in ta and tavant and the krtyâs are frequently employed as if they were finite verbs, without the attendance of the verb subst. In simple prose a great deal of the sentences are moulded in that shape. Hitop. 12 asau vyāghreṇa vyāpāditaḥ khāditaś ca (the tiger killed him and devoured him), ibid. 7 tasya viṣṇuśarmaṇaḥ putrān samarpitavān (he entrusted his sons to the foresaid Vishn.), Çâk. I vinītaveṣeṇa praveṣṭavyāni tapovanāni nāma (surely, the hermitages should he entered in modest dress).
Rem. The participles of the present and the future do not partake of this construction, cp. P. 3, 2, 124 with 126 (*1).
(*1)
A vârtt. to P. 3, 2, 124 states an exception for the case, that the negation mā is added to the participle, in order to signify an imprecation. Of this rule applied I know but one instance, Çiçupâl. 2, 45 quoted by the Petr. Dict. s. v. mā, V p. 680; but it is not improbable that the author of that poem has done so designedly to show his own skill by applying an out-of-the-way grammatical rule.
9. 定動詞の役割を果たす分詞
分詞(participle)、特に-ta、-tavantなどのkrtyâsは、存在動詞の付帯でなく、定動詞である場合、頻繁に用いられる。単純な散文では多くの文がこのように成形される。
Hitop. 12 asau vyāghreṇa vyāpāditaḥ khāditaś ca(その虎は殺されて食べられた)
ibid. 7 tasya viṣṇuśarmaṇaḥ putrān samarpitavān(〔彼は〕かのviṣṇuśarmanの息子を託した)
Çâk. I vinītaveṣeṇa praveṣṭavyāni tapovanāni nāma(当然、隠遁所には質素な服装で入るべきである)
【補足】
現在分詞と未来分詞はこの構文に与らない。P. 3, 2, 124と126を見よ(*1)。
(*1)
P. 3, 2, 124に対するvârtt.の注釈は、祈りを表すために否定辞māが分詞に加えられるという例外を示す。この規則の適用について私は一つ例を知っている(Çiçupâl. 2, 45:
mājīvanyaḥ parāvajñādukhadagdho 'pi jīvati / tasyājananirevāstu jananīkleśakāriṇaḥ;Dict. s. v. mā, V p. 680, “mit einem partic. praes. P. 3, 2, 120, Vârtt. 6. mā jīvanyaḥ u. s. w. derjenige soll (verdient) nicht zu leben, der u.s.w. Spr. 2161.”)が、その詩の作者は、特異な文法規則を適用することにより自身の技巧を誇示するように設計したのであろう。