28.

If the same predicate belongs to more subjects or the same attribute refers to more nouns at the same time, the idiom of Sanskrit is almost like that of other languages.

Either the common predicate (attribute) agrees with but one and must be supplied mentally with the others, as Prabodh. III āvāso layanaṃ manoharam cp. the schol. p. 57 ed. Calc. dvayam api manoharam; Daç. 135 kāntimatī rājyam idaṃ mama ca jīvitam apy adyaprabhṛti tvad adhīnam (Kântimatî and this kingdom and my own life are at your mercy from this moment). — This practically has the same effect as applying the Rem. on b.) of the other alternative, recorded on page 20.

or it has a grammatical expression adequate to its character of being common to more substantives at the same time. In that case:

a. ) the number required is of course the dual when relating to two individuals, otherwise the plural. rāmo lakṣmaṇaśca mahāvīrau; — rāmaḥ sītā ca lakṣmaṇaśca vana uṣitāḥ. Cp. the Rem, on b.).

b. ) as to the gender there must be distinguished between persons and things. When relating to persons of the same sex, the common predicate or attribute is of the same gender: pitā bhrātā ca dvāv api / mātā svasā ca dve api. When applying to persons of different sex, it is always put in the masculine: pitā mātā ca dvāv api. But when belonging to inanimate things or things and persons mixed, it is neuter. Kâm. 1, 54 mṛgayā ‘kṣāstathā pānaṃ garhitāni mahībhujām; M. 4, 39 mṛdaṅgaṃ daivataṃ vipraṃ ghṛtaṃ madhu catuṣpatham / pradakṣiṇāni kurvīta.

Rem. If neuter words are mixed with words of other gender, it is allowed to put their common predicate or attribute in the neuter of the singular. {P. 1, 2, 69.} Mṛcch. V pakṣavikalaś ca pakṣī śuṣkaś ca taruḥ saraś ca jalahīnaṃ / sarpaś codṛtadaṃṣṭras tulyaṃ loke daridraś ca (the bird, whose wings are clipped, the leafless tree, the desiccated pool, the toothless snake are equal in the eyes of men, so the moneyless man).

c.) as to the person. In the case of difference, the first person outweighs the second and third, and the second precedes the third (see Pat I, p. 352, cp. 240, n° 26, Kât. 3, 1, 4). Patañjali gives these examples tvaṃ ca devadattaś ca pacathaḥ / ahaṃ ca devadattaś ca pacāvaḥ / tvaṃ cāhaṃ ca pacāvaḥ.

28. ある語が複数の語に係る場合

同じ述語が複数の主語に係る場合や、同じ形容詞が複数の名詞に同時に係る場合、サンスクリットにおける語法は他言語とほとんど同じである。

まず、共通の述語(形容詞)は最低でも一つ〔の名詞〕に一致するが、他の〔名詞〕にも〔共通する〕思想が与えられていなければならない(be supplied mentally with the others)。
Prabodh. III āvāso layanaṃ manoharam (cp. the schol. p. 57 ed. Calc. dvayam api manoharam) Daç. 135 kāntimatī rājyam idaṃ mama ca jīvitam apy adyaprabhṛti tvad adhīnam (Kântimatî and this kingdom and my own life are at your mercy from this moment).

これは実質的に、下記のbの補足にある代替法を適用することと同じ効果がある。

あるいは、同時により多くの実名詞に共通するという特徴に適応した文法表現がある。

a.) については、2つのものに関係するときにはdu.が、それ以上であればpl.を要する。
rāmo lakṣmaṇaśca mahāvīrau
rāmaḥ sītā ca lakṣmaṇaś ca vana uṣitāḥ


b-補足と比較せよ。

b.) 性については、人と物とを区別する必要がある。同じ性別の人々に関係する場合、共通の述語や形容詞は同じ性をとる;
pitā bhrātā ca dvāv api / mātā svasā ca dve api

性の異なる人々に用いるときには、常にm.を使う;
pitā mātā ca dvāv api

無生物のもの、あるいは物と人が混在しているものに属する場合はn.である。 Kâm. 1, 54 mṛgayā ‘kṣāstathā pānaṃ garhitāni mahībhujām
M. 4, 39 mṛdaṅgaṃ daivataṃ vipraṃ ghṛtaṃ madhu catuṣpatham / pradakṣiṇāni kurvīta

【補足】
n.の語が他の性の語に混在している場合、それらの共通述語(形容詞)をn. sg.で置くことが許される。
Mṛcch. V pakṣavikalaś ca pakṣī śuṣkaś ca taruḥ saraś ca jalahīnaṃ / sarpaś codṛtadaṃṣṭras tulyaṃ loke daridraś ca (the bird, whose wings are clipped, the leafless tree, the desiccated pool, the toothless snake are equal in the eyes of men, so the moneyless man)

c.) 人称が異なる場合、1st.が2nd.および3rd.に優先され、2nd.が3rd.に先立つ(see Pat I, p. 352, cp. 240, n° 26, Kât. 3, 1, 4)。Patañjaliはこれらの〔規則の〕例を提供している。
tvaṃ ca devadattaś ca pacathaḥ / ahaṃ ca devadattaś ca pacāvaḥ / tvaṃ cāhaṃ ca pacāvaḥ