32. Completing attribute.

IV. — The noun wanted for completing the predicate is used in many idioms, the most important of which are:

a.) a nominative.

a.) it is a nominative, when accompanying verbs of being, seeming, becoming, growing, remaining, such passives as to be called, held for, considered, appointed, made, sim. Çâk. I mṛga eṣa viprakṛṣṭaḥ saṃpannaḥ (this deer has become distant), Hitop. 92 pakṣiṇaḥ sakopā babhūvuḥ (the birds grow angry), Panc. 51 kim evaṃ tvam akasmād vicetanaḥ (why you have swooned so at a sudden?) ; Priy. p.14 kasmāt prahṛṣṭa iva lakṣyase (why do you look so glad?) Panc. 56 sa rājā prākāraśeṣaḥ kṛtaḥ (the king was reduced to the possession of nothing but his fortress), Panc. III, 152 gṛhiṇī gṛham ucyate (it is the wife that is called one’s »home”).

b.) an instrumental.

b.) it is an instrumental, if wanted by a verb of being, becoming, seeming etc. when impersonal passive In this case both subject and noun-predicate are put in the instrumental. Mudr. I mayā na śayānena sthīyate = ahaṃ na śayānas tiṣṭḥāmi; Daçak. 18 bālakena sakalakleśasahenābhāvi (the baby was strong enough to endure all this toil).

This idiom is, of course, obligatory with the krtya’s of it. Daçak. 164 tvad anujīvinā rājaputreṇa bhavitavyam (the prince deserves to be your attendant), Panc. 21 tasya ca śabdānurūpeṇa parākrameṇa bhavitavyam (and his strength may be adequate to his voice).

c.) an accusative.

c.) an accusative, when qualifying the object of the verbs of calling and naming, of esteeming, holding for, considering, knowing as, of making, appointing, electing and the like. M. 2, 140 tam ācāryaṃ pracakṣate (him they call a teacher), Nala 3, 22 nalaṃ māṃ viddhi (know me being Nala), Mudr. III kaurilyo nṛpatim akaron mauryakṛṣalam (Cânakya has made king a çûdra, the soil of Murâ), Pat. I, p.332 taṇḍulān odanam pacati (he boils rice to a jelly), Panc. 3 etān arthaśāstraṃ prati drāg yathān anyasadṛśān vidadhāsi tathā kuru.

Concurrent idiom

NB. It is superfluous to give some more instances of that well-known type, but it must be observed, that Sanskrit has also other concurrent idioms, it often prefers. Note in the first place, the nominative with iti, 2ly the instrumental of abstract nouns. Both are equivalent to the nomin. or accus. of the completing predicate. Instead of brāhmaṇaṃ bhavantaṃ saṃbhāvayāmi (I hold you for a brahman), it is also said brāhmaṇa iti bhava- or brāhmaṇatvena bhava-; the same of course applies to the passive construction. R. 3, 9, 11 vanaṃ daṇḍakā iti viśrutaṃ prasthitas tvam (you have set out for the forest, called Daṇḍaka), Kâç. on P. 1, 1, 1 vṛddhiśabdaḥ saṃjñātvena vidhīyate (vṛddhi is established [here] a grammatical term). A more detailed account of those idioms will be given in the course of this book.

32. 述語を完成させるための形容詞

IV. 述語を完成させるために要請される名詞は多くのidiomで用いられるが、もっとも重要なものは以下である；

a.) 主格（nom.）
「～である」（being）、「～と見える」（seeming）、「～になる」（becoming）、「成る」（growing）、「存続する」（remaining）の動詞や、「～と呼ばれる」（to be called）、「用意される」（held for）、「考慮される」（considered）、「指示される」（appointed）、「作られる」（made）などの受動態を伴うときは主格（nom.）である。
Çâk. I mṛga eṣa viprakṛṣṭaḥ saṃpannaḥ (this deer has become distant)
Hitop. 92 pakṣiṇaḥ sakopā babhūvuḥ (the birds grow angry)
Panc. 51 kim evaṃ tvam akasmād vicetanaḥ (why you have swooned so at a sudden?)
Priy. p.14 kasmāt prahṛṣṭa iva lakṣyase (why do you look so glad?)
Panc. 56 sa rājā prākāraśeṣaḥ kṛtaḥ (the king was reduced to the possession of nothing but his fortress)
Panc. III, 152 gṛhiṇī gṛham ucyate (it is the wife that is called one’s »home”)

b.) 具格（inst.） 「～である」（being）、「～になる」（becoming）、「～と見える」（seeming）の動詞に養成される場合、は具格（inst.）を用いる。また、非人称の受動態の場合は主語と名詞述語が共に具格で用いられる。
Mudr. I mayā na śayānena sthīyate = ahaṃ na śayānas tiṣṭḥāmi
Daçak. 18 bālakena sakalakleśasahenābhāvi (the baby was strong enough to endure all this toil)

もちろんこの語法は、kṛtya（未来受動分詞）の役割でもある。
Daçak. 164 tvad anujīvinā rājaputreṇa bhavitavyam (the prince deserves to be your attendant)
Panc. 21 tasya ca śabdānurūpeṇa parākrameṇa bhavitavyam (and his strength may be adequate to his voice)

c.) 対格（acc.）
「～と呼ぶ」（calling）と「～と名付ける」（naming）、「尊重する」（esteeming）・「保つ」（holding for）・「考慮する」（considering）、「知る」（knowing as）、「作す」（making）・「指し示す」（appointing）・「選ぶ」（electing）などの動詞の対象を修飾する場合は対格（acc.）を用いる。
M. 2, 140 tam ācāryaṃ pracakṣate (him they call a teacher)
Nala 3, 22 nalaṃ māṃ viddhi (know me being Nala)
Mudr. III kaurilyo nṛpatim akaron mauryakṛṣalam (Cânakya has made king a çûdra, the soil of Murâ)
Pat. I, p.332 taṇḍulān odanam pacati (he boils rice to a jelly)
Panc. 3 etān arthaśāstraṃ prati drāg yathān anyasadṛśān vidadhāsi tathā kuru

特記：同じはたらきをするイディオム

一般的なタイプの例はこれ以上無用であろう。が、サンスクリットには同じはたらきをするイディオム（concurrent idiom）もあり、それがしばしば好まれることを述べておかねばならない。一つはitiに伴う主格（nom.）、もう一つは抽象名詞（abstract noun）の具格（inst.）である。どちらもcompleting attributeのnom.あるいはacc.と等価である。brāhmaṇaṃ bhavantaḥ saṃbhāvayāmi (I hold you for a brahman)の代わりに、brāhmaṇa iti bhava- あるいはbrāhmaṇatvena bhava- とも言われる。同じやり方が受動文にも適用される。
R. 3, 9, 11 vanaṃ daṇḍakā iti viśrutaṃ prasthitastvam (you have set out for the forest, called Dandaka)
Kâç. on P. 1, 1, 1 vṛddhiśabdaḥ saṃjñātvena viddhīyate (vṛddhi is established [here] a grammatical term)

これらのidiomのより詳細な説明は、本書を〔読み進める〕過程でなされるだろう。