33. Middle voice attended by two nominatives.
In the archaic dialect we frequently meet with two nominatives construed with some verbs in the middle voice, viz. such as signify to call one’s self, to consider one’s self (*1). Rgv. 10, 85, 3 somaṃ manyate papivān (he thinks himself having drunk soma), Ch. Up. 5, 3, 4 kim anuśiṣṭo ‘vocathā yo hīmāni na vidhyāt kathaṃ so ‘nuśiṣṭo bravīta (why did you say you had been instructed? how could anybody, who did not know these things, claim himself instructed?), Tbr. 2, 3, 8, 2 so ‘surān sṛṣṭvā pitevāmanyata (he, after having created the asuras considered himself as if he were a father (*2)). — Similarly it is said in liturgical style rūpaṃ kṛ with nom, »to assume the shape of — ”, Ait. Br. 6,35,4 aśvaḥ śveto rūpaṃ kṛtvā (having assumed a, white horse’s shape), Tbr. 1, 1, 3, 3 ākhū rūpaṃ kṛtvā (*3).
Rem. In classic Sanskrit this idiom seems to have antiquated. »To call — , to consider one's self” is expressed by means of the reflexive pronoun, as ātmānaṃ manye / ātmānaṃ bravīmi. Instead of the old type aśvo rūpaṃ kṛtvā we meet with such compounds as Panc. 326 aśvarūpaṃ kṛtvā.
(*1)
This nominative has its counterpart in Greek and in modern languages. So says an illustrious German poet (Felix Dahn, Skaldenkunst p. 79) »'weise wähnt' ich mich, und ach! ein Thor, ein pflichtvergessner Knabe erwies ich mich.”
(*2)
In a few passages of the upanishads and epic poetry we meet with such expressions a paṇḍitaṃ manyamānaḥ »holding one’s self a learned man,” for ex. Mhbh. 13, 22, 13. They are hardly to be accepted as compounds, like paṇḍitaṃmanya, subhagaṃmanya and the like (P. 3, 2, 83).
(*3)
See the amount of examples in Weber, Ind, Stud. XIII, 111. — Ait. Br. 5, 7, 2 we have a confusion of the two constructions, the acc. of the pronoun ātmānam being used together with the nom. of the noun indro vā etābhir mahān ātmānaṃ niramimīta.
33. 2つのnom.を伴う中動態(middle voice)
ヴェーダ語では、しばしば中動態(middle voice, ātmanepada)の動詞と文法的に結びついた2つのnom.に遭遇する。例えば、自分に呼びかけること(to call one’s self)、自分を省みること(to consider one’s self)を意味するような場合である(*1)。
Rgv. 10, 85, 3 somaṃ manyate papivān (he thinks himself having drunk soma)
Ch. Up. 5, 3, 4 kim anuśiṣṭo ‘vocathā yo hīmāni na vidhyāt kathaṃ so ‘nuśiṣṭo bravīta (why did you say you had been instructed? how could anybody, who did not know these things, claim himself instructed?)
Tbr. 2, 3, 8, 2 so ‘surān sṛṣṭvā pitevāmanyata (he, after having created the asuras considered himself as if he were a father) (*2)
同様に、nom.を伴うrūpaṃ kṛの儀礼的形式、「~の形を取る」は以下の通りである。
Ait. Br. 6,35,4 aśvaḥ śveto rūpaṃ kṛtvā (having assumed a, white horse’s shape)
Tbr. 1, 1, 3, 3 ākhū rūpaṃ kṛtvā (*3)
【補足】
古典サンスクリットにおいて、このidiomは廃れている。「自らを省みる」、「自分に呼びかける」は、ātmānaṃ manye / ātmānaṃ bravīmiのように再帰代名詞(reflexive pronoun)によって表現される。古い形のaśvo rūpaṃ kṛtvāの代わりに、Panc. 326 aśvarūpaṃ kṛtvāのような複合語が見られる。
(*1)
このnom.はギリシャ語や現代の諸言語に似たものが存在する。あるドイツ詩人の曰く:‘weise wähnt’ ich mich, und ach! ein Thor, ein pflichtvergessner Knabe erwies ich mich.’(Felix Dahn, Skaldenkunst p. 79)
(*2)
あるウパニシャッド文献と叙事詩では、paṇḍitaṃ manyamānaḥ »holding one’s self a learned man”のような表現を見ることがある。例えばMhbh. 13, 22, 13.など。paṇḍitaṃmanyaやsubhagaṃmanyaなどのような複合語はめったに認められない(P. 3, 2, 83)。
(*3)
Weber, Ind, Stud. XIII, 111. の用例の要旨を見よ。
Ait. Br. 5, 7, 2 indro vā etābhir mahān ātmānaṃ niramimīta
この文には、代名詞ātmānamのacc.がnom.の名詞と共に用いられているという2つの構文の混乱がある。