45. Verbs with a double construction.

Some verbs admit of a double construction, which is the counterpart of the well-known Latin idiom munus mihi donat = munere me donat. Compare for inst.

vibhaj. — Mhbh. (ed. Calc. 3, 17242) dharmas tu vibhajaty artham ubhayoḥ puṇyapāpayoḥ (Dharma bestows riches on both good and wicked.), Yâjñ. 2, 114 [pitā] svecchayā vibhajet sutāñ jyeṣṭhaṃ vā śreṣṭhabhāgena (a father may either bequeath his sons as he likes best, or he should bestow the best lot upon the eldest).

kṣip. — R. (Gorr.) 5, 11, 11 dhūrtapralāpān kṣipanti (they utter out beguiling talk), M. 8, 270 ekajātir dvijātīṃs tu vācā dāruṇayā kṣipan (a not-dvija, when hurting a dvija with harsh words).

lup. — lumpaty artham (he robs the money), lumpati svāminam.

Both constructions are used side by side in this mantra of Pâraskara (Grhy. 2, 2, 7) yenendrāya bṛhasyatir vāsaḥ paryadadhādamṛtaṃ tena tvā paridadhāmi.

Rem. The verb yaj seems to offer some irregularity of construction, but in fact it is not this verb, which is dealt with in a strange way, but it is the common translation of it, which conceals its proper meaning. One is wont to translate it »to sacrifice,” but its real purport must have been some of »worshipping, honouring, feeding” or the like. Accordingly the offering is put in the instrumental, the divinity fed or worshipped in the accusative. One needs must say havirbhir devān yajāmahe τοὺς θεοὺς ἁζόμεθα θύμασι. — The real equivalent of our »sacrificing” is hu = θύειγ; here the divinity is a dative, and the object is either the fire or wheresoever the offering is poured into, or the offering itself; therefore devebhya agniṃ juhomi or devebhya agnau havir juhomi. — Moreover the etymol. accus. is of course also available as well with yaj as with hu; it may be said yajñaṃ yajāmahe, agnihotraṃ juhomi. But the instrum. of the offering with hu; is vaidik according to P. 2, 3, 3 (see Pat. on that sûtra, I, p.444).

45. 2重構文をもつ動詞

いくつかの動詞は2重構文を許す。これはラテン語の有名な慣用句“munus mihi donat” = “munere me donat”に対応する。以下の例と比較せよ。
・vi√bhaj
Mhbh. (ed. Calc. 3, 17242) dharmastu vibhajaty artham ubhayoḥ puṇyapāpayoḥ (Dharma bestows riches on both good and wicked.)
Yâjñ. 2, 114 [pitā] svecchayā vibhajet sutāñ jyeṣṭhaṃ vā śreṣṭhabhāgena (a father may either bequeath his sons as he likes best, or he should bestow the best lot upon the eldest)
・√kṣip
R. (Gorr.) 5, 11, 11 dhūrtapralāpān kṣipanti (they utter out beguiling talk)
M. 8, 270 ekajātir dvijātīṃs tu vācā dāruṇayā kṣipan (a not-dvija, when hurting a dvija with harsh words)
・√lup
lumpaty artham (he robs the money)
lumpati svāminam

どちらの構文もこのPāraskaraのマントラにて並んで使われている。 Grhy. 2, 2, 7 yenendrāya bṛhaspatir vāsaḥ paryadadhādamṛtaṃ tena tvā paridadhāmi

【補足】
√yajがいくつかの例外的な構文を作るように見えるが、実際のところ、特異な仕方であるのはこの動詞でなくて、その正しい意味を隠しているもの、に共通する翻訳なのである。 これはよく「生贄にする、犠牲にする」と訳されるけれども、その実際の意味は「礼拝する、称える、食物を捧げる」などでなければならない。それに応じて、供物はinst.で、それを食べる神性や敬意を表される者はacc.で置かれる。〔しかして、〕havirbhir devān yajāmahe（古希：τοὺς θεοὺς ἁζόμεθα θύμασι, τοὺς θεοὺςはθεόςのpl.acc.）と言うことができる。我々の言う「生贄にする」に実際に相当する語は√hu（古希：θύειγ）である。ここで神性はdat.、目的語は（祭式の）火、供物が置かれる場所、供物そのもの、のいずれかである。したがってdevebhya agniṃ juhomiあるいはdevebhya agnau havir juhomiとなる。 さらに、もちろんのこと、同族対格（cog. acc.）としては√huと同様に√yajを用いることもできる（yajñaṃ yajāmahe, agnihotraṃ juhomi）。けれども供物の√huのinst.は、Pāṇiniによればヴェーダ語における語法である（P. 2, 3, 3; Pat. on that sūtra, I, p.444）。