54. Acc. of space and time.

III. The accusative of space or time serves to denote a continuity of either; it expresses therefore what space is occupied or during what time the action is going on. Compare the acc. spatii and temporis in Latin, Greek, German etc. {P. 2, 3, 5.}

Examples: a.) space R. 2, 91, 29 babhūva hi samā bhūmiḥ samantāt pañcayojanam (for the soil became flat over an extent of five yojana’s in every direction), Mhbh. 1, 153, 40 nigṛhya taṃ…cakarṣa ha tasmād deśād dhanṛṃṣ yaṣṭau (he seized him and dragged him along over a space of eight bow-lengths).

Rem. When naming the dimensions of a thing, one does not use this accus., but avails one’s self of bahuvrîhi-compounds.

b.) time Panc. 165 etāvanti dināni tvadīyam āsīt (for so many days it was yours), Daç. 96 bhadrakāḥ pratīkṣyatāṃ kañcit kālam (gentle sirs, please, wait a moment).

Rem. 1. Now and then the acc. of time denotes the time at which. R. 2, 69, 1 yām eva rātriṃ te dūtāḥ praviśanti sma tāṃ purīm / bharatenāpi tāṃ rātrim svapno dṛṣṭo ‘yam apriyaḥ, Daç. 153 so ‘pi viṭaḥ… tadahareva svagṛhe snānabhojanādi kārayet vottaredhyuḥ. Cp. Ait. Br. 1, 22, 12; Mhbh. 1, 63, 40; ibid. 1, 121, 34; Âpast. 1, 5, 12.

Rem. 2. Sometimes yāvat is put behind the acc., when denoting the time, during which. Hitop. p. 51 mayā māsam ekaṃ yāvad gaurīvrataṃ kartavyam (I am bound to perform during a month a vow for Durgâ).

Rem. 3. The acc. of time remains unchanged in the passive; see Daç. 96 quoted above. But occasionally it is dealt with, as if it were the object. R. 2, 88, 2 iha tasya mahātmanaḥ śarvarī śayitā bhūmau (= here the noble hero has passed the night on the naked earth) instead of śarvarīṃ śayitam (*1).

(*1)
Comp. such Latin expressions, as Caes. B. G. 5, 89, 4 aegre is dies sustentatur, and the interesting discussion on the matter Pat. I, p.445 sq. From Patañjali’s words it is sufficiently plain, that to say āsyate māsaḥ / śayyate krośaḥ is as good as āsyate māsam / śayyate krośam. From another passage of the same book (I, p.338, vârtt. 9) it results, that some made the kâlakarma-verbs range with the akarmaka or intransitives.

54. 空間・時間のacc.

III. 空間・時間のacc.はいずれかの連続性を表すことに資する。すなわち、いかなる空間が占められているか、あるいは、いつごろの期間に行為が行われているかを表す。（Compare the acc. spatii and temporis in Latin, Greek, German etc.）

例：
a.) 空間
R. 2, 91, 29 babhūva hi samā bhūmiḥ samantāt pañcayojanam (for the soil became flat over an extent of five yojana’s in every direction)
Mhbh. 1, 153, 40 nigṛhya taṃ… cakarṣa ha tasmād deśād dhanṛṃṣ yaṣṭau (he seized him and dragged him along over a space of eight bow-lengths)

【補足】
物体の寸法を表すときにはこのacc.は用いられず、bahuvrīhiの複合語が利用される。

b.) 時間
Panc. 165 etāvanti dināni tvadīyam āsīt (for so many days it was yours)
Daç. 96 bhadrakāḥ pratīkṣyatāṃ kañcit kālam (gentle sirs, please, wait a moment)

【補足1】
時折、時間のacc.がある時点を表すことがある。
R. 2, 69, 1 yām eva rātriṃ te dūtāḥ praviśanti sma tāṃ purīm / bharatenāpi tāṃ rātrim svapno dṛṣṭo ‘yam apriyaḥ
Daç. 153 so ‘pi viṭaḥ…tadahareva svagṛhe snānabhojanādi kārayet vottaredhyuḥ
Cp. Ait. Br. 1, 22, 12; Mhbh. 1, 63, 40; ibid. 1, 121, 34; Âpast. 1, 5, 12.

【補足2】
期間を表すとき、yāvatがacc.の後ろに置かれることがある。
Hitop. p. 51 mayā māsam ekaṃ yāvad gaurīvrataṃ kartavyam (I am bound to perform during a month a vow for Durgâ)

【補足3】
時間のacc.は受動文においても変化せず残る。上に引かれているDaç. 96を見よ。場合によっては、このacc.が目的語であるかのように扱われることもある。
R. 2, 88, 2 iha tasya mahātmanaḥ śarvarī śayitā bhūmau (= here the noble hero has passed the night on the naked earth) instead of śarvarīṃ śayitam （*1）

（*1）
以下のようなラテン語表現：Caes. B. G. 5, 89, 4 aegre is dies sustentatur、またこの問題に関するPatañjaliの興味深い議論（Pat. I, p.445以下）を参照せよ。Patañjaliの言によれば、āsyate māsaḥ / śayyate krośaḥという言い回しはāsyate māsam / śayyate krośamと同じくらい平明であるという。また同書の別の文（I, p.338, vârtt. 9）によれば、一部の人はkālakarma（時間の行為、time’s act）動詞の範囲をakarmaka=自動詞とする。