61. Instrum. or genitive with adjj. of likeness, equality, etc.

The instrumental attends on the adjectives of equality, likeness, identity and the like, as sama, samāna, sadṛśa, tulya. {P. 2, 3, 72} Here however the genitive is a concurrent construction, just as in Latin. It is said promiscuously pituḥ or pitrā samaḥ putraḥ.

Examples: R. 2, 118, 35 śakreṇa samaḥ (equal to Indra), Hit. I, 22 paśubhiḥ samānāḥ (like beasts), Hit. p.118 anena sadṛśo loke na bhūto na bhaviṣyati, Mâlav. I, p.21 ayaṃ na me pādarajasāpi tulyaḥ (he is not even equal to the dust of my feet); Pat. I, p.327 taiḥ sāmyaṃ gatavān bhavati (he has become their equal). — If »to compare with” is to be expressed by some metaphor, the instrumental will often be of use, so for ex., when it is denoted by the image of putting on a balance, cp. Kumâras. 5, 34. — Compare also such expressions as Daç. 130 sā ‘ham apy ebhir eva suhṛḍir ekakarmaḥ (and I having the same business as these friends of mine here).

of a genitive: Mhbh. 1, 139, 16 arjunasya samo loke nāsti kaścid dhanurdharaḥ, R. 2, 23, 3 babhau kruddhasya siṃhasya mukhasya sadṛśaṃ mukhamaḥ ([his] face shone like the face of an angry lion).

61. 類似や同等などの副詞を伴うinst.やgen.

inst.はsama、samāna、sadṛśa、tulyaなど、同等（equality）、類似（likeness）、同一（identity）の副詞に伴う。この場合、gen.はラテン語同様に、同じはたらきをする構文である。だいたいpituḥ (pitrā) samaḥ putraḥと言われる。

例：
R. 2, 118, 35 śakreṇa samaḥ (equal to Indra)
Hit. I, 22 paśubhiḥ samānāḥ (like beasts)
Hit. p.118 anena sadṛśo loke na bhūto na bhaviṣyati
Malav. I, p.21 ayaṃ na me pādarajasāpi tulyaḥ (he is not even equal to the dust of my feet)

「～と比べる」が比喩によって表現される場合、例えば、「〔天秤で量るように何某か複数のものの〕つりあいをとる」というイメージを記述するときには、しばしばinst.が用いられる（cp. Kumâras. 5, 34）。
Pat. I, p.327 taiḥ sāmyaṃ gatavān bhavati (he has become their equal)
Daç. 130 sā ‘ham apy ebhir eva suhṛḍir ekakarmaḥ (and I having the same business as these friends of mine here)

gen.の場合：
Mhbh. 1, 139, 16 arjunasya samo loke nāsti kaścid dhanurdharaḥ
R. 2, 23, 3 babhau kruddhasya siṃhasya mukhasya sadṛśaṃ mukhamaḥ ([his] face shone like the face of an angry lion)