62. Instrumental with words of separation.

As the instrumental is the exponent of the notion of accompaniment and simultaneousness, so it is also available with words expressive of the very contrary, namely separation and disjunction. In the same way as it is said tvayā sahitaḥ, tvayā yuktaḥ „with you,” one is allowed to say tvayā rahitaḥ, tvayā viyuktaḥ „without you.” (*1) The proper case for expressing separation, the ablative is however also available. In some phrases the instrumental is more frequently employed, in other again the ablative. The instrum. prevails with viyuj and most of the compounds, beginning with vi-, also with rahita and hīna, but the ablative with such as muc, bhraś.

Examples: Panc. 84 prāṇair na viyuktaḥ (he was not deprived of life), Daç. 172 tuṣair akhaṇḍais taṇḍulān pṛthakcakāra (she peeled the grains of rice of their husks, so [cleverly] as to keep them entire), Kathâs. 15, 82 sītādevyā rāmo viṣehe virahavyathām (R. forbore the grief caused by his separation from Sîtâ), R. 2, 96, 27 kaluṣeṇa mahatā medinī parimucyatām (let the earth be freed from a great stain). (*2)

Rem. The adjectives rahita, hīna, vihīna, viyukta sim. often are = »without.”

(*1)
Delbr. 1. 1. p.71 »Der begriff trennung ist zwar logisch der gegensatz von zusammensein, liegt ihm aber desshalb psychologisch sehr nahe.” Or, to speak more exactly, it is not the conception of separation, that is expressed or signified by the instrumental, but the notion of mutuality underlying both union and separation, finds in it its adequate expression. We have here therefore the same kind of instrum., which is spoken of in 59, b 2. Accordingly words of separation may also be construed with saha etc. Panc. 57 mamānayā saha viyogo bhaviṣyati. Compare English to part with.

(*2)
M. 2, 79 affords an instance of instrum. and abl. depending on the same verb. The latter half-çloka runs thus mahatopy enaso māsāt tvacevāhir vimucyate (after a month he is released even from a great sin likewise as a snake from its skin). Here the abl. enasaḥ and the instr. tvacā are coordinate. Compare the like coincidence of abl. and instr. causae.

62. 分離の語を伴うinst.

inst.は付帯（accompaniment）、および同時性（simultaneousness）の概念の表示であるが、それとは真反対の表現、すなわち〔距離的な〕分離（separation）、および〔同一物からの〕分裂（disjunction）をも表しうる。そのため、tvayā sahitaḥ、tvayā yuktaḥ（あなたと共に）と同様にtvayā rahitaḥ、tvayā viyuktaḥ（あなたなしに）と言うことが許される（*1）。もちろん分離を表す正しい格であるabl.も使用できる。〔そういうわけで、〕ある句ではinst.がより頻繁に用いられ、一方ではabl.が用いられる。〔例えば、〕inst.は、vi√yujや接頭辞vi-で始まるほとんどの複合語、またrahitaやhīnaについてよく用いられ、一方abl.は√mucや√bhraśに用いられる（*2）。

例：
Panc. 84 prāṇair na viyuktaḥ (he was not deprived of life)
Daç. 172 tuṣair akhaṇḍais taṇḍulān pṛthakcakāra (she peeled the grains of rice of their husks, so [cleverly] as to keep them entire)
Kathâs. 15, 82 sītādevyā rāmo viṣehe virahavyathām (R. forbore the grief caused by his separation from Sîtâ)
R. 2, 96, 27 kaluṣeṇa mahatā medinī parimucyatām (let the earth be freed from a great stain)

【補足】
rahita、hīna、vihīna、viyuktaなどの副詞はしばしば「…なくして」（without）を表す。

（*1）
Delbr. 1. 1. p.71 “Der begriff trennung ist zwar logisch der gegensatz von zusammensein, liegt ihm aber desshalb psychologisch sehr nahe.” （〈分離〉の概念は、論理的には付帯の反対であるけれども、心理的には非常に近い位置にある）
より正確に言うならば、これはinst.によって表現・表示される分離の観念ではなく、その〔分離の観念の〕適切な表現の中に見いだされる、結合と分離との双方に潜在する相互関係である。したがって、ここには59b-2で言及されるものと同じ種類のinst.がある。それゆえ分離の語はまたsaha等と結びついて用いられうるのである（Panc. 57 mamānayā saha viyogo bhaviṣyati）。英語の“to part with”と比較せよ。

（*2）
M. 2, 79は同じ動詞に依るinst.とabl.の例を提供している。後半のhalf-ślokaにはこのようにある：
M. 2, 79 mahatopy enaso māsāt tvacevāhir vimucyate (after a month he is released even from a great sin likewise as a snake from its skin)
ここでabl.のenasaḥとinst.のtvacāは等位語句である。理由のabl.およびinst.（instrumentalis causae）の一致を比較せよ。