66.

2. agent or kartṛ. — In this meaning the instrumental attends a.) on passive verbs, to denote the subject of the action, as has been pointed out 6, — b.) on verbal nouns, as Mâlav. I, p.28 titikṣamāṇaḥ pareṇa nindām (forbearing the blame of others), for pareṇa nindām = pareṇa kṛtāṃ nindām. In the latter case the so-called subjective genitive is a concurrent construction, which is even generally preferred unless ambiguity would result from its employment, cp. 114.

Agent of a kṛtya.

Rem. Likewise both instrumental and genitive are available to denote the agent with a kṛtya. {P. 2, 3, 71.} As a rule the instrumental is required, if the verbal sense prevail, but the genitive, if the kṛtya have the value of a noun adjective or substantive. Examples: instr. Panc. 167 mayāvaśyaṃ deśāntaraṃ gantavyam (I am obliged to emigrate), Mâlat. II kim atra mayā śakyam (what can I help here?), Vikram. I avahitair bhavitavyaṃ bhavaḍih (v. a. the audience are requested to listen with attention); — gen. Panc. I, 450 mūrkhāṇāṃ paṇḍitā dveṣyā nirdhanānāṃ mahādhanāḥ / vratinaḥ pāpaśīlānām asatīnāṃ kulastriyaḥ (the learned are an object of dislike to the ignorant, the wealthy to the poor, the virtuous to the wicked and honest women to such as are of a loose conduct), ibid, p.268 vayaṃ grāmyāḥ paśavo ‘raṇyacāriṇāṃ vadhyāḥ (we, domestic animals, are a prey for wild beasts). Hence, when compounded with a, duḥ, or they are construed with gen., Panc. 176 darśaya kiñcid agamyaṃ syānaṃ lubdhakānām, Mṛcch. IV (p. 144) guṇeṣu yatnaḥ puruṣeṇa kāryo na kiñcid aprāpyatamaṃ guṇānām.

66. 2. agent / kartṛ

2. agent／kartṛ.
この意味では、inst.は、6に示したような行為の主体を表すために、
a.) 受動態の動詞に付随する。
b.) 以下のような動詞的名詞に付随する。
Mâlav. I, p.28 titikṣamāṇaḥ pareṇa nindām (forbearing the blame of others)（pareṇa nindām = pareṇa kṛtāṃ nindām）
後者の場合、主語的属格（subjective genitive）と呼ばれるものが同じはたらきをする構文であり、それを使用することで曖昧にならない限りにおいて、一般的に選ばれる（cp. 114）。

kṛtyaの行為者

【補足】
同様に、inst.とgen.は共に、kṛtya（kṛtya affixes / Future Passive Participle {P. 3, 1, 95-133.}）を伴って、行為者を表すことが可能である。{P. 2, 3, 71.} 原則として、動詞的な観念が勝っている場合はinst.が必要とされるが、kṛtyaが形容詞や実名詞の意義をもつ場合にはgen.が必要である。
inst.の例：
Panc. 167 mayāvaśyaṃ deśāntaraṃ gantavyam (I am obliged to emigrate)
Mâlat. II kim atra mayā śakyam (what can I help here?)
Vikram. I avahitair bhavitavyaṃ bhavaḍih (v. a. the audience are requested to listen with attention)
gen.の例：
Panc. I, 450 mūrkhāṇāṃ paṇḍitā dveṣyā nirdhanānāṃ mahādhanāḥ / vratinaḥ pāpaśīlānām asatīnāṃ kulastriyaḥ (the learned are an object of dislike to the ignorant, the wealthy to the poor, the virtuous to the wicked and honest women to such as are of a loose conduct)
ibid, p.268 vayaṃ grāmyāḥ paśavo ‘raṇyacāriṇāṃ vadhyāḥ (we, domestic animals, are a prey for wild beasts)

ゆえに、aやduḥと複合語になる場合、それらはgen.と結びついて用いられる。
Panc. 176 darśaya kiñcid agamyaṃ syānaṃ lubdhakānām
Mṛcch. IV (p.144) guṇeṣu yatnaḥ puruṣeṇa kāryo na kiñcid aprāpyatamaṃ guṇānām