67. 3. Quality etc.

3. quality, attribute, circumstance (*1). {P. 2, 3, 21.} — When denoting a quality or attribute it is = the abl. qualitatis of Latin grammar, but the restrictions as to its employment in Latin do not exist in Sanskrit. So it is said (Kâçikâ) api bhavān kamaṇḍalunā chātram adrākṣīt (have you seen a disciple with a pitcher?), ibid, on P. 2, 3, 37 yo jaṭābhiḥ sa bhuṃkto; so Hitop. 125 koṣaḥ svalpavyayena (a treasury with little expenses) comm. svalpavyayena viśeṣaṇe tṛtīyā; R. 3, 7, 3 vividhair drumaiḥ kānanam (a forest with manifold trees).

Examples of its attending a verb. — Then it has the nature of Lat. abl. modi or circumstantiae. R. 2, 64, 47 sa tu divyena rūpeṇa svargamadhyāruhat kṣipram, Panc. 161 varo mahatā vādyaśabdenāgacchati (a bridegroom approaches with a great noise of music), ibid. 28 tasya sakāśaṃ gatvā bhrātṛsnehenaikatra bhakṣaṇapānaviharaṇakriyābhir ekasthānāśrayeṇa kālo neyaḥ [sc. tvayā] (go to him and while living brotherly with him on the same spot, spend the time with eating, drinking, walking together), ibid. 162 anena vārttāvyatikareṇa rajanī vyuṣṭā (while discoursing thus, the night passed away).

Rem. 1. Note vartate with instrum. »to behave in such a manner," Panc. 56 taṃ maryādāvyatikrameṇa vartamāṇam ālokya.

Rem. 2. Such instrumentals have often the character of adverbs and may be considered so (77). Among others we mention compounds in -rūpeṇa and -krameṇa, when = »as, by the way of." Mṛcch. V, p.187 dravībhūtaṃ manye patati jalarūpeṇa gaganam (methinks, the firmament dissolves and falls down as rain).

Rem. 3. In some turns the instrumental of circumstance may show something of the fundamental character of the sociative. So R. 2, 37, 18 lakṣmaṇena sahāyena vanaṃ gacchasva putraka (with L. as your companion go to the forest, my son), ibid. 2, 30, 27 na devi tava duḥkhena svargam apy abhirocaye (I should forsake even heaven, my queen, if its attainment would be joint with grief of you). Similarly Panc. 309 jālahastadhīvarāḥ rabhūtair matsyair vyāpāditair mastake vidhṛtair astamanavelāyāṃ tasmiñ ca lāśaye samāyātāḥ (the fishermen arrived with a great number of fishes they had killed and bore on their head). Here we are, indeed, on the very boundary of the sociative and the instr. of quality.

(*1)
Pâṇ.'s sûtra is itthaṃbhūtalakṣaṇe [sc. tṛtīyā], which is expounded by Kâç. = itthaṃbhūtasya lakṣaṇe »to name the laxaṇa or mark, which makes known somebody or something as possessing such quality, property, nature etc.” It includes therefore the notions quality, attribute, circumstance.

67. 3. 特質 etc.

3. 特質（quality）、属性（attribute）、状況（circumstance）（*1）{P. 2, 3, 21.}
特質や属性を表す場合、ラテン語文法のabl. qualitatisと同じであるが、ラテン語におけるその使用に関する制限は、サンスクリットには存在しない。そのためapi bhavān kamaṇḍalunā chātram adrākṣīt (have you seen a disciple with a pitcher?)やyo jaṭābhiḥ sa bhuṃkto（Kâçikâ, on P. 2, 3, 37）と言われる。

例：
Hitop. 125 koṣaḥ svalpavyayena (a treasury with little expenses)（注：svalpavyayena viśeṣaṇe tṛtīyā）
R. 3, 7, 3 vividhair drumaiḥ kānanam (a forest with manifold trees)

動詞を伴う場合の例：
この場合、ラテン語でのabl. modiやcircumstantiaeの性質をもつ。 R. 2, 64, 47 sa tu divyena rūpeṇa svargamadhyāruhat kṣipram
Panc. 161 varo mahatā vādyaśabdenāgacchati (a bridegroom approaches with a great noise of music)
ibid. 28 tasya sakāśaṃ gatvā bhrātṛsnehenaikatra bhakṣaṇapānaviharaṇakriyābhir ekasthānāśrayeṇa kālo neyaḥ [sc. tvayā] (go to him and while living brotherly with him on the same spot, spend the time with eating, drinking, walking together)
ibid. 162 anena vārttāvyatikareṇa rajanī vyuṣṭā (while discoursing thus, the night passed away)

【補足1】
inst.を伴うvartateは「～のように振る舞う」（to behave in such a manner）となる。
Panc. 56 taṃ maryādāvyatikrameṇa vartamāṇam ālokya

【補足2】
このようなinst.はしばしば副詞的性格をもち、またそのように見なされる（77）。中でも、「～として」（as, by the way of）の場合の-rūpeṇaや-krameṇaの複合語について言及しておく。
Mṛcch. V, p.187 dravībhūtaṃ manye patati jalarūpeṇa gaganam (methinks, the firmament dissolves and falls down as rain)

【補足3】
場合によっては、状況のinst.が、付格（sociative）の基本的な性質のなにがしかを見せることがある。
R. 2, 37, 18 lakṣmaṇena sahāyena vanaṃ gacchasva putraka (with L. as your companion go to the forest, my son)
ibid. 2, 30, 27 na devi tava duḥkhena svargam apy abhirocaye (I should forsake even heaven, my queen, if its attainment would be joint with grief of you)
Panc. 309 jālahastadhīvarāḥ rabhūtair matsyair vyāpāditair mastake vidhṛtair astamanavelāyāṃ tasmiñ ca lāśaye samāyātāḥ (the fishermen arrived with a great number of fishes they had killed and bore on their head)
まさにここが付格（sociative）と特質（quality）のinst.の境界である。

（*1）
Pāṇiniのsūtraはitthaṃbhūtalakṣaṇe [sc. tṛtīyā]。kāśikāにはitthaṃbhūtasya lakṣaṇe（lakṣaṇa／しるしを示すことで、ある人や物が然る特質・特性・性質等を持つことを知らしめる）と解釈されている。したがって、inst.は特質（quality）、属性（attribute）、状況（circumstance）の観念を内包する。