4. test or criterion. — Examples:
4. 試験の手段・基準
Ragh. 15, 77 anvamīyata śuddheti śāntena vapuṣaiva sā (her chastity was inferred from her pure body)
R. 3, 12, 23 audāryeṇāvagacchāmi nidhānaṃ tapasām idam (by the dignity of his person I conceive him a vessel of penance and self-control)
Cp. Lat. magnos homines virtute metimur.