83. Special cases of the dat. of concern.

In some special cases the use of the dative is enjoined by vernacular grammarians; of the kind are:

1. The dat. with hita (good for). Cp. Pat. I, 450; Pân. 5, l, 5 tasmai hitam. Even here the gen, may be used, see f. i. R. 3, 36, 24.

2. The dative of the creditor with dhārapati (to owe). {P. 1, 4, 35.}

3. Some utterances of ritual, almost = „hail” to — as namaḥ, svāhā, svadhā, vaṣada ― likewise most phrases of blessing and salutation. They are construed with a dative, but some of them (*1) either wjth dat. or with genitive. {P. 2, 3, 16; 2, 3, 73.} namo rudrāyya, svadhā pitṛbhyaḥ, svasti prajābhyaḥ, āyuṣyaṃ tubhyam or tava bhūyāt, kuśalaṃ devadattasya and devadattāya. Vikram. p. 62 svāgataṃ devyai. In the ninth act of the Mṛcch. Cârudatta greets the judges with an adhikṛtebhyaḥ svasti, wherea the chief judge answers him svāgatam āryasya. But R. 3, 24, 21 svasti is construed with a gen. svasti gobrāhmaṇānaṃ.

4. Verbs of anger, jealousy, injuring, discontent agree with the dative of the object of the animosity. {P. 1, 4, 37.} Mhbh. 1, 3, 186 nṛpatis takṣakāya cukopa ha (the king felt angry towards Taxaka), Kathâs. 17, 44 nāsyai cukrodha, Âpast. 1, 1, 14 tasmai na druhyet kadācana (him he should never offend), Ait Br. 8, 23, 11 tasmād evaṃ viduṣe brāhmaṇāyaivaṃ cakuṣe na kṣatriyo druhyet, Kâd. I, 217 asūyanti sacivopadeśāya (they find fault with the advice of their ministers), Mahâv. I (p.18) spṛhayāmi rājñe deśarathāya (I am jealous of king Daçaratha).

Rem. Yet with asūyati (to find fault with) and druhyati (to hurt) the acc, with those of anger and jealousy the gen. and loc. or prati are also available. When compounded, druh and krudh must agree with acc, devadattāya krudhyati but devadattam abhikrudhyati. {P. 1, 4, 38.}

5. Some other verbs, enumerated by Pânini, viz. ślāgh (to praise), hnu (to conceal), śap (to swear, to conjure) and sthā. {P. 1, 4, 34.} Here the dative is required of him, whom it is wanted to inform of something, f. i. devadattāya ślāghte »he praises to N.N." [here N.N. is the person addressed], Prabodh. III, p. 66 buddhebhyaḥ śataśaḥ śaye (I swear a hundred times to the Buddhas), Naish. 1, 49 apahnuvānasya janāya nijām adhīratām (concealing from the people his unsteadiness). — As to sthā, it is not plain, what meaning it has here. By comparing P. 1, 3, 23 with the examples adduced, there by Kâçikâ, tiṣṭate with a dat. may be = »he presents or he discovers himself to (*2)," but syā with a dat. may also have had the meaning »to have faith in —, affection to," Çvetâçv. Up. 3, 2 eko hi rudro na hi dvitīyāya tasyuḥ, Naish. 7, 57.

6. P. 1, 4, 41 enjoins a dat. with the compound verbs anugṛṇāti and pratigṛṇāti being technical terms of the ritual »to utter [a certain formula] after — , in reply to another." (*3).

7. P. 1, 4, 33 mentions a dat. with verbs of casting one’s na tivity etc., like rādh, īkṣ, to denote him, on whose behalf this is done. We have here an instance of the dative of profit, treated in the following paragraph.

(*1)
Viz. āyuṣya, madra, bhadra, kuśala, sukha, artha, hita and their synonyms (vârtt. on P. 2, 3, 73).

(*2)
The examples of Kaç. on 1, 3, 23 are tiṣṭate kanyā chātrebhyaḥ / tiṣṭate kṛṣalo grāmaputrebhyaḥ; here tiṣṭate is said to be = prakāśayaty ātmānam.

(*3)
The old language seems to have allowed more of such datives with compound verbs, so as to be the counterpart of Latin instat hosti, occurril mihi and the like. So Âpast. I, 14, 15 viṣamagatāyāgurave nābhivādhyam, ibid. II, 11, 3 rājā daṇḍāya pratiyadhyeta [instead of daṇḍaṃ pra-]. A curious dative of the same kind, it seems , is Daç. 149 yāvad āyur atra tyāyai devatāyai pratiśayiṣyāmi.

83. 関与のdat.の特殊事例

ある特殊な場合には、土着文法家によって、dat.の使用が禁じられている；内訳は以下の通り：

1. hita（…に適した）を伴うdat.。Pat. I, 450とP. 5, l, 5 tasmai hitamを参照せよ。この場合にはgen.も用いられうる。R. 3, 36, 24をみよ。

2. dhārapati（…を借りている）を伴う貸主のdat.。{P. 1, 4, 35.}

3. 何らかの儀礼の掛け声。namaḥ、svāhā、svadhā、vaṣadaなど。祝福や挨拶の言葉のほとんども同様。これらはdat.を取るが、それらのうち一部（*1）はdat.かgen.を取る（P. 2, 3, 16; 2, 3, 73）。namo rudrāyya、svadhā pitṛbhyaḥ、svasti prajābhyaḥ、āyuṣyaṃ tubhyam (/ tava bhūyāt), kuśalaṃ devadattasya (/ devadattāya)となる。
Vikram. p. 62 svāgataṃ devyai
Mṛcch. Cârudatta greets the judges with an adhikṛtebhyaḥ svasti, whereas the chief judge answers him svāgatam āryasya

が、R. 3, 24, 21のsvastiはgen.を取る：svasti gobrāhmaṇānaṃ。

4. 怒らせる、嫉妬する、傷つける、不機嫌にする、の動詞は、憎しみの対象のdat.を取る。{P. 1, 4, 37.}
Mhbh. 1, 3, 186 nṛpatis takṣakāya cukopa ha (the king felt angry towards Taxaka)
Kathâs. 17, 44 nāsyai cukrodha
Âpast. 1, 1, 14 tasmai na druhyet kadācana (him he should never offend)
Ait Br. 8, 23, 11 tasmād evaṃ viduṣe brāhmaṇāyaivaṃ cakuṣe na kṣatriyo druhyet
Kâd. I, 217 asūyanti sacivopadeśāya (they find fault with the advice of their ministers)
Mahâv. I (p.18) spṛhayāmi rājñe deśarathāya (I am jealous of king Daçaratha)

【補足】
けれども、asūyati（…を咎める）やdruhyati（害する）を伴うacc.、怒りや嫉妬〔の動詞〕を伴うgen.やloc.あるいはprati、も用いることができる。〔何らかの接頭辞と〕複合する場合、√druhや√krudhはacc.を取らねばならず、devadattāya krudhyatiがdevadattam abhikrudhyatiとなる。{P. 1, 4, 38.}

5. Pāṇiniの列挙する（P. 1, 4, 34）ところの動詞：√ślāgh（称賛する）、√hnu（隠す）、√śap（誓う）、√sthā。ここでは、devadattāya ślāghte »he praises to N.N."（呼びかけられている人物はdevadatta）のように、何か伝達しようとされている者のdat.を要する。
Prabodh. III, p. 66 buddhebhyaḥ śataśaḥ śaye (I swear a hundred times to the Buddhas)
Naish. 1, 49 apahavānasya janāya nijāmadhīratām (concealing from the people his unsteadiness)

sthāについては、それがここで何を意味するかが明白ではない。P. 1, 3, 23をKâç.に示される例と比較するに、dat.を伴うtiṣṭateは「彼は…に居る」あるいは「彼は自ら気付く」（*2）であろうが、dat.を伴う√sthāは「…を信じている」「…に深い愛情を抱く」という意味を持っていることもある。
Çvetâçv. Up. 3, 2 eko hi rudro na hi dvitīyāya tasyuḥ
Naish. 7, 57.

6. P. 1, 4, 41は、儀礼の専門用語としての〔接頭辞と〕複合する動詞anu√gṝやprati√gṝ（他の人への応答において、ある決り文句を…の後に言う）がdat.を取ることを禁じている（*3）。

7. P. 1, 4, 33は、rādh（満足させる）やīkṣ（見てとる）のような、〔占星術において〕誰かの出生〔した時の天宮図〕などを見つけることを表す動詞を伴うdat.が、この行為が彼のために行われているところのその人を指示することに触れている。ここには次のパラグラフで扱う利益のdat.の用例がある。

（*1）
すなわち、āyuṣya、madra、bhadra、kuśala、sukha、artha、hitaとこれらの同義語（vârtt. on P. 2, 3, 73）。

（*2）
Kaç. on 1, 3, 23の例は以下の通り：tiṣṭate kanyā chātrebhyaḥ / tiṣṭate kṛṣalo grāmaputrebhyaḥ；ここでtiṣṭateはprakāśayaty ātmānam（自らを露わにする）と等しいと言われている。

（*3）
古語は、このような〔接頭辞と〕複合する動詞を伴うdat.、ラテン語の"instat hosti, occurril mihi"などと対応するような、をより多く許容していたようである。
Âpast. I, 14, 15 viṣamagatāyāgurave nābhivādhyam
ibid. II, 11, 3 rājā daṇḍāya pratiyadhyeta [instead of daṇḍaṃ pra-]
同種のものを思われる奇異なdat.は以下の通り：
Daç. 149 yāvad āyur atra tyāyai devatāyai pratiśayiṣyāmi