105. Ablative of comparison.

Ablative of comparison. — The ablative expressive of the notion on what side, with respect to — is frequently applied in comparisons to signify the thing compared with, provided there be superiority or inferiority or discrepancy (*1).

It joins 1st comparatives; then the abl. = our „than.” Panc. 56 nāstyanyo dhanyataro loke mattas tvattaś ca (there is no happier man in the world than you and I), cp. Lat. nemo te felicior;

2ly positives of any adjective. Daç. 141 bhagavato maghavato ‘pi bhāgyavantam ātmānam ajīgaṇat (he considered, himself fortunate, even in comparison with Lord Indra);

3ly words, expressing superiority or inferiority, such as varam (lit. „the better thing,” = better than), adhika (exceeding), pūrva (superior), atiricyate (to excel), parihīyate (to be inferior), sim. Mudr. I, p. 53 senāśatebhyo ‘dhikā buddhir mama (my mind is outweighing hundreds of armies);

4ly all words, meaning other or different, as anya, itara, apara, bhinna Panc. 208 ṣāḍguṇyād aparo ‘bhiprāyo ‘sti (there is some other contrivance, besides the well-known six expedients).

Here are some more examples. Of 1. — Rgv. 8, 24, 20 vaco ghṛtāt svādīyo madhunaś ca (utterance by voice being sweeter, than ghee and honey); Ch. Up. 3, 14, 3 eṣa ma ātmāntarhṛdaye ‘ṇīyān vrīher vā yavād vā sarṣapād vā śvāmākād vā śyāmākataṇḍulād vā / eṣa ma ātmāntarhṛdaye jyāyān pṛthivyā jyāyān antarikṣāj jyāyāndivo jyāyān ebhyo lokebhyaḥ (he is the Self within my heart, smaller than a corn of rice, smaller than a corn of barley, smaller than a mustard seed, smaller than a canary seed or the kernel of a canary seed. He is the self etc., greater than the earth, greater than the sky, greater than heaven, greater than these worlds); Âpast. 1, 13, 19 etena hy ahaṃ yogena bhūyaḥ pūrvasmāt kālāc chrutam akaravam (by this way I have got more learning, than formerly).

of 2. — Panc. 285 bhāryā sarvalokād api vallabhā bhavati (v. a. one's wife is beloved more than anybody else); Hit 16 tato nāstīhi puṇyavān (compared with him nobody is happy here); Utt. II, p. 29 vajrād api kaṭhorāṇi mṛdūni kusumād api / lokottarāṇām chetāṃsi ko hi vijñātum arhati.

of 3. — R. 2, sarga 95*, 53, ekāṅgahīnaṃ hy astreṇa jīvitaṃ maraṇād varam (to live, deprived of one member by your weapon, is better than death), Panc. 142 tvatto ’bhikaḥ paramaṃ suhṛt, Mhbh. 1, 89, 2 pūrvau vayasā bhavadhya (your superior by age), R. 2, 8, 18 kausalyāto ‘tiriktaṃ ca mama śuśrūṣate (be listens much to me, and more than to the Kausalyâ), Kathâs. 53, 10 lakṣād ṛnaṃ na dātuṃ sa jānāti sma kilārthine (indeed, he did not know how to give less than a laxa to an indigent), M. 2, 95 prāpaṇāt sarvakāmānāṃ parityāgo viśiṣyate (giving np desires exceeds obtaining them). Compare this instance from the archaic literature: Ait. Br. 7, 17, 4 gavāṃ trīṇi śatāni tvam avṛṇīśā mat (you have chosen three hundred of cows instead of me).

of 4. — Rgv. 10, 18, 1 panthā itaro devayānāt (the other path, which is not the path of the gods), Ch. Up. 1, 10, 2 neto [= na + ito] ‘nye vidyante (nor are there others but these), Panc. II, 12 sāhāyyaṃ mitrād anyo na saṃdadhe, Prabodh. III, p. 61 jaganmitho bhinnam abhinnam īśvarāt (the creatures so different among themselves, yet not different from God).

(*1)
For in the case of identity, likeness, equivalence the instrum. or gen. is required (62) and the dat. also in the case of counterpoise (85).

105. 比較のabl.

「…の側に」、「…に関して」の概念を表すabl.は、優劣や不一致がある限りにおいて、比較対象を表すために、頻繁に比較に適用される（*1）。

1. 比較級への適用；この場合、abl.は英語の”than”と等しい。ラテン語の”nemo te felicior”と比較せよ。
Panc. 56 nāstyanyo dhanyataro loke mattas tvattaś ca (there is no happier man in the world than you and I)

2. 任意の形容詞の原級
Daç. 141 bhagavato maghavato ‘pi bhāgyavantam ātmānam ajīgaṇat (he considered, himself fortunate, even in comparison with Lord Indra)

3. 以下のような優劣を表す語：varam（lit. 「より良いもの」＝「…より良い」）、adhika（…を超える）、pūrva（優れた）、atiricyate（勝る）、parihīyate（劣る）、等。
Mudr. I, p. 53 senāśatebhyo ‘dhikā buddhir mama (my mind is outweighing hundreds of armies)

4. 「他の」「異なる」を意味するあらゆる語：anya、itara、apara、bhinnaなど。
Panc. 208 ṣāḍguṇyād aparo ‘bhiprāyo ‘sti (there is some other contrivance, besides the well-known six expedients)

さらなる用例：
1.
Rgv. 8, 24, 20 vaco ghṛtāt svādīyo madhunaś ca (utterance by voice being sweeter, than ghee and honey)
Ch. Up. 3, 14, 3 eṣa ma ātmāntarhṛdaye ‘ṇīyān vrīher vā yavād vā sarṣapād vā śvāmākād vā śyāmākataṇḍulād vā / eṣa ma ātmāntarhṛdaye jyāyān pṛthivyā jyāyān antarikṣāj jyāyāndivo jyāyān ebhyo lokebhyaḥ (he is the Self within my heart, smaller than a corn of rice, smaller than a corn of barley, smaller than a mustard seed, smaller than a canary seed or the kernel of a canary seed. He is the self etc., greater than the earth, greater than the sky, greater than heaven, greater than these worlds)
Âpast. 1, 13, 19 etena hy ahaṃ yogena bhūyaḥ pūrvasmāt kālāc chrutam akaravam (by this way I have got more learning, than formerly)

2.
Panc. 285 bhāryā sarvalokād api vallabhā bhavati (v. a. one's wife is beloved more than anybody else); Hit 16 tato nāstīhi puṇyavān (compared with him nobody is happy here)
Utt. II, p. 29 vajrād api kaṭhorāṇi mṛdūni kusumād api / lokottarāṇām chetāṃsi ko hi vijñātum arhati

3.
R. 2, sarga 95*, 53, ekāṅgahīnaṃ hy astreṇa jīvitaṃ maraṇād varam (to live, deprived of one member by your weapon, is better than death)
Panc. 142 tvatto ’bhikaḥ paramaṃ suhṛt
Mhbh. 1, 89, 2 pūrvau vayasā bhavadhya (your superior by age)
R. 2, 8, 18 kausalyāto ‘tiriktaṃ ca mama śuśrūṣate (be listens much to me, and more than to the Kausalyâ)
Kathâs. 53, 10 lakṣād ṛnaṃ na dātuṃ sa jānāti sma kilārthine (indeed, he did not know how to give less than a laxa to an indigent)
M. 2, 95 prāpaṇāt sarvakāmānāṃ parityāgo viśiṣyate (giving np desires exceeds obtaining them)

古い文献からのこの用例と比較せよ：
Ait. Br. 7, 17, 4 gavāṃ trīṇi śatāni tvam avṛṇīśā mat (you have chosen three hundred of cows instead of me)

4.
Rgv. 10, 18, 1 panthā itaro devayānāt (the other path, which is not the path of the gods)
Ch. Up. 1, 10, 2 neto [= na + ito] ‘nye vidyante (nor are there others but these)
Panc. II, 12 sāhāyyaṃ mitrād anyo na saṃdadhe
Prabodh. III, p. 61 jaganmitho bhinnam abhinnam īśvarāt (the creatures so different among themselves, yet not different from God)

（*1）
独自性・類似性・等価を表す場合には、inst.かgen.が（62）、釣り合いを表す場合にはdat.も（85）、必要とされる。