106.

Observations on the abl. of comparison.

Rem. 1. Our »than” with the comparative is to be rendered in Sanskrit by the ablative. Such restrictions, as for instance limit the faculty of using the abl. of comparison in Latin, do not exist in Sanskrit. It is impossible to say in Latin dat tibi plus me = »he gives to you more than to me,” but it must be said plus quam mihi. In Sanskrit nothing impedes such sentences as tubhyaṃ dadāti matta adhikam. So Mâlat. X, p. 164 sneho mātur mayi samadhikas tena yuktas tavāpi (hence, you must bear more affection towards me, than towards your own mother).

Rem. 2. Note the abl. with such words as: double, treble etc. sim. M. 8 , 289 mūlyāt pañcaguṇo daṇḍaḥ (a fine of five times the value).

Rem. 3. If it is to be said no other than, nobody but, any phrase with the meaning »but for” may be used instead of the abl. Panc. 176 tvāṃ muktvānyo na jñāsyati (no other but you will know it), ibid. 160 tvad varjamanyo bhartā manasy api me na bhaviṣyati — Then, the ablative may also be used even without anya, as Kumâras. 6, 44 yasmin nāntakaḥ kusumāyudhāt » where there is found no [other] death but the god with the flowery arrows [no other Mâra but Mâra = Kâma].”
In Patañjali I have met with some instances of a rather pleonastic idiom, the neuter anyad with abl. = »but for” put before the ablat., though the adj. anya precedes, f. i. Pat. 1, 279 ko ‘nyo dvitīyaḥ sahāyo bhavitum arhaty anyad ata upasargāt (what else ought to accompany it, if not this preposition), cp. p. 445, line 2; p. 447, line 4; p. 323, line 6. This adverbial use of anyad (cp. Greek ἀλλά, and such phrases as οὐὄὲν ἄλλο… ἀλλ’ ἤ) is confirmed by its being named among the nipâtâs in the gaṇa svarādi (Kaç. I, p. 17, line 10).

Rem. 4. Çak. VII maghavataḥ satkriyāviśeṣād anupayuktam ivātmānaṃ samarthaye (I do not hold myself for deserving the extraordinary honour bestowed upon me by Indra) is an instance of this abl. with the negative anupayukta (not fit); the abl. would be impossible here, but for the negation.

106. 比較のabl.についての所見

比較のabl.についての所見：

【補足1】
比較級を伴う英語の”than”は、サンスクリットではabl.で翻訳される。ラテン語において比較のabl.の使用範囲を制限するような限定は、サンスクリットには存在しない。ラテン語では”dat tibi plus me”（彼は君に、私に〔与える〕より多くを与える）とはできず、”plus quam mihi”とせねばならない。サンスクリットでは、tubhyaṃ dadāti matta adhikamのような文が許される。
Mâlat. X, p. 164 sneho mātur mayi samadhikas tena yuktas tavāpi (hence, you must bear more affection towards me, than towards your own mother)

【補足2】
2倍・重（double）、3倍・重（treble）等のような語を伴うabl.に注意せよ。
M. 8 , 289 mūlyāt pañcaguṇo daṇḍaḥ (a fine of five times the value)

【補足3】
「…に他ならない」（no other than）、「…以外誰も…ない」（nobody but）を言う場合には、「…がなければ」（but for）を伴う任意の語句がabl.の代わりに用いられる。
Panc. 176 tvāṃ muktvānyo na jñāsyati (no other but you will know it)
ibid. 160 tvad varjamanyo bhartā manasy api me na bhaviṣyati
その場合、abl.がanya抜きであっても用いられることがある。
Kumâras. 6, 44 yasmin nāntakaḥ kusumāyudhāt » where there is found no [other] death but the god with the flowery arrows [no other Mâra but Mâra = Kâma].”

Patañjali〔の著作〕では、むしろ冗語法的なイディオムの用例が見られ、形容詞anyaが先行し、abl.を伴うanyadのn.（＝「…がなければ」（but for））がabl.の前に置かれる。
Pat. 1, 279 ko ‘nyo dvitīyaḥ sahāyo bhavitum arhaty anyad ata upasargāt (what else ought to accompany it, if not this preposition)

p. 445 l. 2, p.447 l. 4, p. 323 l. 6と比較せよ。このanyad副詞的用法（古代ギリシャ語のἀλλάやοὐὄὲν ἄλλο… ἀλλ’ ἤ等と比較せよ。）はgaṇa：svarādi中に挙げられることで認められている（Kaç. I, p. 17, l. 10；P. 1, 1, 37）。

【補足4】
Çak. VII maghavataḥ satkriyāviśeṣād anupayuktam ivātmānaṃ samarthaye (I do not hold myself for deserving the extraordinary honour bestowed upon me by Indra)
否定のanupayukta（適しない）を伴うabl.の用例。ここでは、否定を除いてabl.は用い得ない。