116. Partitive genitive.

The partitive genitive denotes either the whole, a part of which is spoken of, as ardha nagarasya (half of the town), yajñasyāvayavaḥ (a part of the sacrifice), Kâd. I , p. 21 ambaratalasya madhyam (the middle of the sky) or it carries the notion of selecting out of a multitude as Nir. 1, 12 vaiyākaraṇānām eke „some of — , among the grammarians”. In the latter case, the genitive is interchangeable with the locative: manuṣyāṇāṃ (or manuṣyeṣu)

Examples: of genitive Ait. Br. 1, 5, 25 śreṣṭhaḥ svānām (the foremost of his kin), Kathâs. 29, 69 dhuryo dhanavatām (the foremost among the wealthy), Panc. III, 222 sa ekaiko ‘tra sarvaṣāṃ nītiśāstrārthatattvavit; — of locative Kathâs. 24, 47 dṛṣṭā putrī yuṣmāsu kenacit; M. 5, 18 śvāvidhaṃ śalyakaṃ godhāṃ khaṅgakūrmaśaśāṃs tathā / bhakṣyān pañcanakheṣv āhur anuṣṭrāṃś caikatodataḥ

From the examples given it will be plain, that in Sanskrit, as elsewhere, the partitive cases may not only attend substantives, but all kind of nouns and pronouns.

Rem. 1. If there be meant a „taking out of,” the ablative is to be used, cp. 95, 2°. — R. 1, 2, 15 krauñcamithunād ekam avadhīḥ (you have killed one out of the couple of plovers), cp. Kathâs. 13, 144; 24, 176; Prabodh. V, p. 102 agneḥ śeṣamṛṇāccheṣaṃ śatroḥ śeṣaṃ na śeṣayet (one should not leave a remnant of fire, of a debt, of a foe). (*1)

Rem. 2. It is very common, especially in simple prose, to periphrase the partitive cases by -madhye (=gen. or loc.) and -madhyāt (= abl.). See 191.

Rem. 3. The partitive construction is unfit to be employed, if the conception of a part selected out of a whole be wanting. »All of them” = te sarve, both of us” āvāmubhau (*2).

(*1)
This is the very ablative, enjoined by P. 2, 3, 42. Kâç. is wrong interpreting the sûtra otherwise; Patañjali’s view (I, p. 459) is correct.

(*2)
Yet Mhbh. 1, 37, 8 I have found sarve naḥ = »all of us,” just as in English.

116. 部分を表すgen.

部分を表すgen.(partitive -)は、その一部分が話題になっているものの全体を表す;ardha nagarasya(街の半分)、yajñasyāvayavaḥ(供犠の〔体の〕一部)、Kâd. I , p. 21 ambaratalasya madhyam(空の真ん中);か、「多くのものの中から選ぶ」という観念を表す;Nir. 1, 12 vaiyākaraṇānām eke(文法家のうちのある者は…)。後者の場合、gen.はinst.と交換可能である:manuṣyāṇāṃ (/ manuṣyeṣu)。

例:
・gen.
Ait. Br. 1, 5, 25 śreṣṭhaḥ svānām (the foremost of his kin)
Kathâs. 29, 69 dhuryo dhanavatām (the foremost among the wealthy)
Panc. III, 222 sa ekaiko ‘tra sarvaṣāṃ nītiśāstrārthatattvavit

・loc.
Kathâs. 24, 47 dṛṣṭā putrī yuṣmāsu kenacit
M. 5, 18 śvāvidhaṃ śalyakaṃ godhāṃ khaḍgakūrmaśaśāṃs tathā / bhakṣyān pañcanakheṣv āhur anuṣṭrāṃś caikatodataḥ

与えられた例から明らかなように、サンスクリットでは、部分を表す格(分格)は他と同様に、実名詞だけでなくあらゆる種類の名詞・代名詞に用いられうる。

【補足1】
「…から取り出す」が意味される場合には、abl.が用いられる。95-2と比較せよ。
R. 1, 2, 15 krauñcamithunād ekam avadhīḥ (you have killed one out of the couple of plovers) (cp. Kathâs. 13, 144; 24, 176)
Prabodh. V, p. 102 agneḥ śeṣamṛṇāccheṣaṃ śatroḥ śeṣaṃ na śeṣayet (one should not leave a remnant of fire, of a debt, of a foe) (*1)

【補足2】
特に単純な散文では、部分を表す格を-madhye(gen. / loc.)や-madhyāt(abl.)で迂言することが非常に一般的である。191をみよ。

【補足3】
全体から部分が選択される観念がない場合には、分格構文は適さない:「彼ら皆」(all of them)=te sarve、「2人共」(both of us)=āvāmubhau(*2)

(*1)
これがP. 2, 3, 42に禁止されているところのabl.である。Kâç.の解釈は間違っており、Patañjaliの見解(I, p. 459)が正しい。

(*2)
けれども、ちょうど英語におけるそれのようなもの〔pl.gen.を用いるもの〕が以下に見受けられる:Mhbh. 1, 37, 8 sarve naḥ