129. Dative-like genitive or genitivus commodi et incommodi.

V. The genitive serves also to denote him, who is concerned by the action or fact, the so-called remote object.

This kind of genitive, as it stands on the same ground as the dative, I name dative-like genitive. Partly it may be substituted to the dative, but in a great number of cases the dative would even be unavailable, at least in classic Sanskrit, especially, if the person concerned is to be expressed in such sentences, as where the predicate is nominal (substantive or adjective). In such turns as Kathâs. 29, 98 ihāmutra ca sādhvīnāṃ patirekā gatiḥ (for virtuous wives the only path to follow here and hereafter is their husband), Panc. II, 58 ko ’tibhāraḥ samarthānāṃ kiṃ krūraṃ vyavasāyinām / ko videśaḥ savidyānāṃ kaḥ paraḥ priyavādinām (what is too heavy for the vigorous? what danger does exist for the audacious? what is a foreign country for the learned? who is unattainable for the flatterer?) the genitive is the regular idiom, and the dative out of use. Likewise the genitive — not the dative — is to be employed, with adjectives of friendship and enmity, fitness and unfitness, good and evil etc., as Panc. 331 asya matsyāmiṣaṃ sadā priyam (a fish-dinner is always welcome to him), ibid. 213 na yuktaṃ bhavataḥ (it does not suit you).

Examples: Kumâr. 3, 10 ke mama dhanvino ‘nye (who are other archers to me?), Mṛcch. VIll p. 246 madanaḥ] satpuruṣasya… bhavati mṛdurnaiva vā bhavati (the God of Love is either mild for an honest man or he does not exist for him), Mhbh. 1, 141, 36 avijñātā bhavaṣyāmo lokasya (we shall be unknown to the people), Panc. 200 yathārthavādino dṛtasya na doṣaḥ karaṇīyaḥ (one must not take it ill of a messenger, if he speaks plain), Çâk. IV bhartur viprakṛtāpi roṣaṇatayā māsma pratīpaṃ gamaḥ (do not oppose your husband by anger, even when offended).

With adjectives, as priya etc.

Among the adjectives, which comply with a gen., note such as anurūpa, anukūla and pratikūla, priya and vipriya, yogya, yukta — and even the verb yujyate (to suit) — and their synonyms. So Nala. 1, 19 kariṣyāmi tava priyam, Panc. III, 104 ātmanaḥ pratikūlāni pareṣāṃ na samācaret (one should not do to others, what is grievous to one’s self), Mṛcch. I, p. 58 ayogyamidaṃ nyāsasya gṛham (this house is not fit for a deposit), ibid. X, p. 355 na yujyate tava prāṇaparityāgaḥ, Mâlav. IV, p. 96 śītakriyā cāsyā rujaḥ praśistā (and cold is excellent against this ailment), Mhbh. 1, 15, 4 samaḥ sarvasya lokasya (the same to all beings), Mâlav, IV, p. 88 ka evaṃ vimukho ‘smākam (who is so disinclined to me?), ibid. III, p, 75 paryāptam etāvatā kāminām (so much suffices for persons in love).

So sadṛśa and ucita, when = »becoming to, suiting.” R. 2, 30, 41 sarvathā sadṛśaṃ sīte mama svasya kulasya ca / vyavasāyam anukrāntā kānte tvam atiśobhanam; Çâk. I ucitam evaitat puruvaṃśaprabhavanarendrapradīpasya. As to arha and anarha cp. the foot-note on p. 40 of this book. Note also anagha, anṛṇa etc. with a gen. = »guiltless towards”, as R. 2, 49, 7 prajānām anagha, M, 9, 106 pitṝṇām anṛṇaḥ (having paid his debts to the pitaras).

Rem. 1. Pâṇini teaches, that with participles in -ta the genitive must be used, and not the instrum. of the agent, if the participle is employed as a present one. {P. 2, 3, 67.} Such genitives as rājñāṃ mataḥ (approved by the kings), rājñāṃ pūjitaḥ (honored by the kings) fall within the limits of this rule. See Mhbh. 1, 141, 36 and Çâk. IV quoted above, and cp. Çâk. II vidito bhavān āśramasadāmihasthaḥ (your staying here is known to the hermits).

Rem. 2. On the genit. with krtyâs see 66 R. According to P. 2, 3, 69 the genitive is forbidden with the krts khalarthe, that is such as sulabha, īṣatkara (cp. P. 3, 3, 126 sq.). Kâç. gives as examples īṣadkaro bhavatā kaṭaḥ (the mat is scarcely to be made by you), īṣatpānaḥ somo bhavatā. So R. 3, 5, 23 karma hy anena kartavyaṃ mahadanyaiḥ suduṣkaram. In fact, however, sukara, duṣkara, sulabha, durlabha are often construed with the genitive. Daç. 72 dvitīyas tu sarvasyaiva sulabhaḥ, R. 2, 97, 7 neyaṃ mahī durlabhā, Kathâs. 24, 65 kiṃ nāma kitavasya hi duṣkaram.

129. dat的gen. / 利益・不利益のgen.

V. gen.は、行為や事実の利害に関係するところの人物、いわゆる間接目的語を表すことにも資する。

この類の、dat.と同じ場所にあるgen.を、私はdat.的gen.と呼称する。部分的にはdat.に代置しうるけれども、ほとんどの場合は、少なくとも古典サンスクリットにおいて、とりわけ述語が名詞（実名詞・形容詞）の文章中に関係する人物が表現される場合には、dat.も用いることができないだろう。このような言い回しは以下の通り：
Kathâs. 29, 98 ihāmutra ca sādhvīnāṃ patirekā gatiḥ (for virtuous wives the only path to follow here and hereafter is their husband)
Panc. II, 58 ko ’tibhāraḥ samarthānāṃ kiṃ krūraṃ vyavasāyinām / ko videśaḥ savidyānāṃ kaḥ paraḥ priyavādinām (what is too heavy for the vigorous? what danger does exist for the audacious? what is a foreign country for the learned? who is unattainable for the flatterer?)

gen.が通常のイディオムで、dat.は用いられない。同様にgen.—dat.でなく—が、友愛・敵意、適合性・非適合性、善・悪などの形容詞を伴って用いられる。
Panc. 331 asya matsyāmiṣaṃ sadā priyam (a fish-dinner is always welcome to him)
ibid. 213 na yuktaṃ bhavataḥ (it does not suit you)

例：
Kumâr. 3, 10 ke mama dhanvino ‘nye (who are other archers to me?)
Mṛcch. VIll p. 246 madanaḥ] satpuruṣasya… bhavati mṛdurnaiva vā bhavati (the God of Love is either mild for an honest man or he does not exist for him)
Mhbh. 1, 141, 36 avijñātā bhavaṣyāmo lokasya (we shall be unknown to the people)
Panc. 200 yathārthavādino dṛtasya na doṣaḥ karaṇīyaḥ (one must not take it ill of a messenger, if he speaks plain)
Çâk. IV bhartur viprakṛtāpi roṣaṇatayā māsma pratīpaṃ gamaḥ (do not oppose your husband by anger, even when offended)

priya等の形容詞を伴うもの

gen.に従う形容詞の中、anurūpa、anukūlaとpratikūla、priyaとvipriya、yogya、yukta—そして動詞yujyate（合う）も—およびそれらの同義語に注意せよ。
Nala. 1, 19 kariṣyāmi tava priyam
Panc. III, 104 ātmanaḥ pratikūlāni pareṣāṃ na samācaret (one should not do to others, what is grievous to one’s self)
Mṛcch. I, p. 58 ayogyamidaṃ nyāsasya gṛham (this house is not fit for a deposit)
ibid. X, p. 355 na yujyate tava prāṇaparityāgaḥ
Mâlav. IV, p. 96 śītakriyā cāsyā rujaḥ praśistā (and cold is excellent against this ailment)
Mhbh. 1, 15, 4 samaḥ sarvasya lokasya (the same to all beings)
Mâlav, IV, p. 88 ka evaṃ vimukho ‘smākam (who is so disinclined to me?)
ibid. III, p, 75 paryāptam etāvatā kāminām (so much suffices for persons in love)

「…に相応しい、適した」を表す場合のsadṛśaやucitaは以下の通り：
R. 2, 30, 41 sarvathā sadṛśaṃ sīte mama svasya kulasya ca / vyavasāyam anukrāntā kānte tvam atiśobhanam
Çâk. I ucitam evaitat puru-vaṃśa-prabhava-narendra-pradīpasya

arhaとanarhaについては本書p. 40の注釈をみよ（52-注4）。gen.を伴うanaghaやanṛṇa（負債なき）等にも注意せよ。
R. 2, 49, 7 prajānām anagha
M, 9, 106 pitṝṇām anṛṇaḥ (having paid his debts to the pitaras)

【補足1】
Pāṇiniは、分詞-taが現在時制として用いられる場合、行為者（kartṛ）のinst.ではなくgen.が用いられねばならない、と教示する。{P. 2, 3, 67.} rājñāṃ mataḥ（王に認められた）、rājñāṃ pūjitaḥ（王を名誉に思って）のようなgen.はこの規則の範囲に入る。Mhbh. 1, 141, 36および上記に引用したÇâk. IVをみよ。また、以下と比較せよ： Çâk. II vidito bhavān āśramasadāmihasthaḥ (your staying here is known to the hermits)

【補足2】
kṛtya（未来受動分詞）を伴うgen.については66-補足をみよ。P. 2, 3, 69によれば、khal-artheのkṛt接尾辞、すなわちsulabhaやīṣatkaraのような語を伴うgen.は許されない（P. 3, 3, 126以下と比較せよ）。Kâç.は例として以下を与えている：īṣadkaro bhavatā kaṭaḥ (the mat is scarcely to be made by you)、īṣatpānaḥ somo bhavatā。よって以下のような用例がある：
R. 3, 5, 23 karma hy anena kartavyaṃ mahad anyaiḥ suduṣkaram

けれども実際には、sukara、duṣkara、sulabha、durlabhaはしばしばgen.に係る。
Daç. 72 dvitīyas tu sarvasyaiva sulabhaḥ
R. 2, 97, 7 neyaṃ mahī durlabhā
Kathâs. 24, 65 kiṃ nāma kitavasya hi duṣkaram