131. Dat.-like genitive with verbs.

The dative-like genitive attends even on verbs. Mṛcch. X, p. 875 kim asya pāpasyānuṣṭhīyatām (what is to be done to this wicked man?) and ibid. X, p. 384 kim asya bhikṣoḥ kriyatām (what is to be done for this monk?) are striking examples of the sixth case used so. It is especially verbs of doing good or evil (as upakṛ, prasad, apakṛ, aparādh), viśvas (to trust), kṣam (to forbear) and some others which partake of this idiom, its concurrent construction being the locative, rarely, if at all, the dative (*1).

Examples: R. Gorr. 4, 38, 47 mitrāṇāmupakurvaṇo rājyaṃ rakṣitum arhasi (you must guard your kingdom by doing well to your friends), ibid, 3, 1, 16 rāmasya satkṛtya (offered hospitality to R.), Panc. 289 kiṃ mayā tasyās tavāpi cāpakṛtam (in what have I injured her or you?), Çâk. VII aparāddho ‘smi tatrabhavataḥ kaṇvasya (I have sinned against the reverend Kanva), Panc. 38 sa na kasyacid viśvas iti (he trusts nobody), Mhbh. 1, 23, 26 prasīda naḥ prayācatām (be merciful to us, who beseech thee), Mâlat, VII, p. 126 vāyur yūnām abhinavavadhūsaṃnidhānaṃ vyanakti (the wind declares to the young men the nearness of young women).

Rem. In Latin, with such turns as adimo vestem servo or servi, civium or civibus dolor auctus est, the dative and the genitive are both available. Sanskrit invariably uses the genitive. Panc. II, 141 udyamena hi sidhyanti kāryāṇi na manorathaiḥ / na hi siṃhasya suptasya praviśanti mukhe mṛgāḥ (it is by exertion, that enterprises are successful, not by wishing, deer do not enter the mouth of a sleeping lion), ibid. p. 145 hiraṇyako ’pi mantharakasya praṇāmaṃ kṛtvā (H. made his reverence to M.), ibid. 137 mama mahatī prītiḥ saṃjātā (I have got great pleasure).

(*1)
As to aparādh, upakṛ, apakṛ, viśvas, I do not remember having met with any instance of their agreeing with a dative; kṣam governs a dative Bhaṭṭ. 4, 39. Upon the whole, the dative of profit and damage within its narrower limits is very scarce in Sanskrit, cp. 84.

131. 動詞を伴うdat.的gen.

dat.的gen.は動詞にも付随する。以下がそのように用いられるgen.の好例である：
Mṛcch. X, p. 875 kim asya pāpasyānuṣṭhīyatām (what is to be done to this wicked man?)
ibid. X, p. 384 kim asya bhikṣoḥ kriyatām (what is to be done for this monk?)

このイディオムに加わるのは、特に「善行・悪行をなす」（upa√kṛ、pra√sad、apa√kṛ、apa√rādh）、vi√śvas（信じる）、√kṣam（我慢する）やその他であり、同じはたらきをする構文はloc.で、稀にdat.である（*1）。

例：
R. Gorr. 4, 38, 47 mitrāṇāmupakurvaṇo rājyaṃ rakṣitum arhasi (you must guard your kingdom by doing well to your friends)
ibid, 3, 1, 16 rāmasya satkṛtya (offered hospitality to R.)
Panc. 289 kiṃ mayā tasyās tavāpi cāpakṛtam (in what have I injured her or you?)
Çâk. VII aparāddho ‘smi tatrabhavataḥ kaṇvasya (I have sinned against the reverend Kanva)
Panc. 38 sa na kasyacid viśvas iti (he trusts nobody)
Mhbh. 1, 23, 26 prasīda naḥ prayācatām (be merciful to us, who beseech thee)
Mâlat, VII, p. 126 vāyur yūnām abhinavavadhūsaṃnidhānaṃ vyanakti (the wind declares to the young men the nearness of young women)

【補足】
ラテン語では、”adimo vestem 〈servo / servi〉”、”〈civium / civibus〉 dolor auctus est” のような言い回しで、dat.とgen.が共に使用可能である。サンスクリットは常にgen.を用いる。
Panc. II, 141 udyamena hi sidhyanti kāryāṇi na manorathaiḥ / na hi siṃhasya suptasya praviśanti mukhe mṛgāḥ (it is by exertion, that enterprises are successful, not by wishing, deer do not enter the mouth of a sleeping lion)
ibid. p. 145 hiraṇyako ’pi mantharakasya praṇāmaṃ kṛtvā (H. made his reverence to M.)
ibid. 137 mama mahatī prītiḥ saṃjātā (I have got great pleasure)

（*1）
apa√rādh、upa√kṛ、apa√kṛ、vi√śvasについて、私には、これらがdat.と〔性・数・格が〕一致する例に出会った覚えがない；√kṣamはdat.支配である（Bhaṭṭ. 4, 39）。全体として、狭義の利益・損害のdat.は、サンスクリットではとても少ない。84をみよ。