133. Locative of the spot where.

The seventh case or locative serves to signify the scene of the action. Its power is expressed by English prepositions, as in, on, at, among, with, by, near. It has not only the duty of pointing out the spot where, but also the spot whither. In other terms, sometimes it answers Lat. in with abl., sometimes in with accus.

A. Locative of the spot where. — Here we must make the following distinctions.

a.) the locative conveys the notion of being within, in. M. 1, 9 tasmiñ jajñe (in this [egg] Brahman himself was born), Daç. 156 gaṅgāmbhasi viharan (sporting in the water of the Ganges), ibid. 179 kasyacic citrakarasya haste citrapaṭaṃ dadarśa.

b.) it denotes a surface, trodden or touched: on, upon, over, at. Panc. 307 rāsabhaḥ kaścit tatra śmaśāne dṛṣṭaḥ (an ass was seen on that cemetery), R. 3, 5, 10 vyajane] gṛhīte vāranārībhyāṃ dhūyamāne ca mūrdhani (courtesans, holding fans, waved them over his head), Panc. 331 te ca matsyā vahnau pācanāya tiṣṭhanti (and those fishes are being boiled over the fire), Daç. 140 pitā me viviktāyāṃ bhūmau sthito ’bhūt (my father laid down on the naked earth), ibid. 141 śirasi jaghrantī.

c.) it signifies the dominion or territory: in, at, on, Latin apud, in. Panc. l asti dākṣiṇātye janapade mahilāropyaṃ nāma nagaram, ibid. 319 rājagṛhe meṣayūtham asti (in the royal palace there was a flock of rams), Kumâras. 5, 60 phalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ drumeṣu (fruits are seen on the trees). So pañcāleṣu (in the country of the Pancâlâs), kāśyām (at Benares), Mhbh. 1, 31, 18 ayam indrastribhuvane (he has been made Lord over the three worlds); cp, 111 R.

d.) it indicates something very near, though not directly touched: near, on, about (*1). Mhbh. 1, 170, 3 āsedurgaṅgāyāṃ pāṇDunandanāḥ (Pâṇḍu's sons pitched tents near the Ganges), Hitop. 29 no ced anāhāreṇātmānaṃ tava dvāri vyāpādayiṣyāmi (otherwise I will kill myself by starvation at your door). So Kâd. I, p. 39 yatra is used, while meaning »about which spot.”

e.) it is expressive of among, amid. Nala. 1, 13 na deveṣu na yakṣeṣu tādṛgrūpavatī kvacit / mānuṣeṣv api cānyeṣu dṛṣṭapūrvātha vā śrutā (neither among devas nor yakshas nor men nor among other beings such a beauty has been seen nor heard of anywhere), Daç. 124 abhramac ca paurajānapadeṣv iyaṃ vārttā (this report spread among the townsmen and the countrymen). Cp. 116.

All these variegations are mixed up in the general notion, carried by the seventh case. Greater precision, if wanted, may be obtained by using periphrasing turns, as the prepos. antaḥ (within), or such words as madhye, tale, pṛṣṭhe, ekadeśe, saṃnidhau, etc. See 165, 190, 192.

(*1)
This is the so called sāmīpye saptamī.

133. 「どこで」を表すloc.

第7格（saptamī） / 処格（locative）は、行為の状況を表すことに資する。その効力は英語の前置詞〈in, on, at, among, with, by, near〉によって説明される。これは「どこで」（where）だけでなく「どこへ」（whither）をも表す。言い換えると、時にラテン語におけるabl.を伴う”in”に、またある時にはacc.を伴う"in"に対応する。

A. 「どこで」を表すloc.—ここで以下の区分をせねばならない。

a.) 「…の範囲内で」（within）「…において」（in）の概念を伝達するもの
M. 1, 9 tasmiñ jajñe (in this [egg] Brahman himself was born)
Daç. 156 gaṅgāmbhasi viharan (sporting in the water of the Ganges)
ibid. 179 kasyacic citrakarasya haste citrapaṭaṃ dadarśa

b.) 歩いたり触れられたりする表面（surface）を表すもの：〈on, upon, over, at〉
Panc. 307 rāsabhaḥ kaścit tatra śmaśāne dṛṣṭaḥ (an ass was seen on that cemetery)
R. 3, 5, 10 vyajane] gṛhīte vāranārībhyāṃ dhūyamāne ca mūrdhani (courtesans, holding fans, waved them over his head)
Panc. 331 te ca matsyā vahnau pācanāya tiṣṭhanti (and those fishes are being boiled over the fire)
Daç. 140 pitā me viviktāyāṃ bhūmau sthito ’bhūt (my father laid down on the naked earth)
ibid. 141 śirasi jaghrantī

c.) 領土や領域を表すもの：〈in, at, on, Latin apud, in〉
Panc. l asti dākṣiṇātye janapade mahilāropyaṃ nāma nagaram
ibid. 319 rājagṛhe meṣayūtham asti (in the royal palace there was a flock of rams)
Kumâras. 5, 60 phalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ drumeṣu (fruits are seen on the trees)

よってpañcāleṣu (in the country of the Pancâlâs), kāśyām (at Benares)のようになる。
Mhbh. 1, 31, 18 ayam indrastribhuvane (he has been made Lord over the three worlds) （111-補足をみよ）

d.) 非常に近いが直接的に触れてはいないものを表すもの：〈near, on, about〉（*1）
Mhbh. 1, 170, 3 āsedurgaṅgāyāṃ pāṇḍunandanāḥ (Pâṇḍu's sons pitched tents near the Ganges)
Hitop. 29 no ced anāhāreṇātmānaṃ tava dvāri vyāpādayiṣyāmi (otherwise I will kill myself by starvation at your door)

よってKâd. I, p. 39では、yatraが「…の場所について」を表すのに用いられる。

e.) 「…の中に」（among）「…の真ん中で」（amid）を表すもの
Nala. 1, 13 na deveṣu na yakṣeṣu tādṛgrūpavatī kvacit / mānuṣeṣv api cānyeṣu dṛṣṭapūrvātha vā śrutā (neither among devas nor yakshas nor men nor among other beings such a beauty has been seen nor heard of anywhere)
Daç. 124 abhramac ca paurajānapadeṣv iyaṃ vārttā (this report spread among the townsmen and the countrymen)

116と比較せよ。

これらすべての多彩さは、第7格で伝達される一般的な概念で混同される。必要であれば、antaḥ（…の中で）のような前置詞やmadhye、tale、pṛṣṭhe、ekadeśe、saṃnidhauの語など、迂言の言い回しを用いることで、より正確に表現できる。165、190、192をみよ。

（*1）
これがいわゆるsāmīpye saptamīである。