156. adhi.

3. adhi is of frequent occurrence in the archaic and old epic writings. In the classic dialect it is still used to express the relation between the ruler and the ruled, as well the ruling over as the standing under; then it is construed with a locative. {P. 1, 4, 97.} It is said either adhi pañcāleṣu brahmadattaḥ (Brahmadatta [ruling] over the Pancâlas) or adhi brahmadatte pañcālāḥ (the P. under Br,) . So Daç. 112 adyaiva prahāravarmaṇyadhi videhā jātāḥ (*1).

When put twice, it agrees with the accusative (171 R.)

When compounded with its noun, the compound is an adverb and is equivalent to the simple locative of the noun, especially to the nimittasaptamî (147): adhistri (with respect to women), adhidaivatam (with respect to the deity), etc.

Rem. In the older dialect adhi is joined by loc., abl. and acc. With loc. it indicates the surface »on,” as in the old verse quoted by Pat. I, p. 4 bhadraiṣāṃ lakṣmīr nihitādhi vāci (holy bliss is seated on their tongues). — With abl. it signifies the coming »from”. — With acc. it is= »over, on [a surface];” so it is often met with in mantras, sometimes in the brâhmaṇas. Çat. Br. 1, 1, 4, 3 kṛṣṇājinam adhi dīkṣante.

(*1)
According to P. 1, 4, 98 in the case of adhikṛ (to appoint over) it may be said optionally either atra mām adhi kariṣyati or atra mām adhikariṣyati (he will put me over it). The Petrop. Dict., — I, p. 142 s. v. adhi 2) α) β)— wrongly takes mām for the word construed with adhi. It is not the acc. mām but the locat. atra, which stands in construction with the preposition, as is plainly shown by the meaning of the sentence.

156. adhi.

3. adhiは、古代の文献および古い叙事詩によく見られる。古典サンスクリットではまだ、支配者と被-支配者との間の関係を表現するために（「支配する」（rule over）と「支配される」（stand under）が等しく）用いられている；その場合はloc.を取る。{P. 1, 4, 97.} なのでadhi pañcāleṣu brahmadattaḥ (Brahmadatta [ruling] over the Pancâlas)かadhi brahmadatte pañcālāḥ (the P. under Br,)となる。
Daç. 112 adyaiva prahāravarmaṇyadhi videhā jātāḥ （*1）

2度繰り返される場合、acc.に一致する（171-補足）。

名詞と複合する場合、複合語は副詞であり、単なる名詞のloc.、とりわけnimittasaptamī（147）と等しい：adhistri（女に関して）、adhidaivatam（神性について）など。

【補足】
より古いサンスクリットでは、adhiはloc.とabl.とacc.を伴う。loc.の場合、Pat. I, p. 4 bhadraiṣāṃ lakṣmīr nihitādhi vāci (holy bliss is seated on their tongues)に引用される詩節のように「…の上に」を表す。—abl.の場合、「…から」来ることを表す。—acc.の場合、「…の上方に」（over）や「…の上に」（on）を表す；これはしばしばマントラに、時にブラーフマナ文献に見られる。
Çat. Br. 1, 1, 4, 3 kṛṣṇājinam adhi dīkṣante

（*1）
P. 1, 4, 98によれば、adhi√kṛ（命じる）の場合には、任意でatra mām adhi kariṣyatiかatra mām adhikariṣyati（he will put me over it）かのどちらかになる。Sanskrit Wörterbuch（I, p. 142 s. v. adhi 2) α) β)）は、māmをadhiと文法的に結びついた語として取り違えている。文の意味から明らかなように、前置詞と構文を成すのはacc.のmāmではなくloc.のatraである。