159. upa.

9. upa is frequent in the vaidik mantras, afterwards rare. P. 1, 4, 87 classes it among the karmapravacanîya, 1. to denote a »going beyond,” then it is construed with a locat. upa niṣke kāṣapiṇam (by a karshâp. more than a nishka), 2. to denote inferiority, then it complies with the acc. upa śākaṭāyanaṃ vaiyākaraṇāḥ {P. 2, 3, 9.}

Rem. 1. According to the commentaries on P. 2, 1, 6 upa, like abhi, expresses nearness, when compounded with its noun: upakumbham (near the pot). So Daç. 99 upakanyakāpuram (near the zenana).

Rem. 2. In the vaidik mantras upa is construed with acc., loc., instr. and is expressive of nearness. Rgv. 1, 23, 17 amūryā upa sūrye yābhir vā sūryaḥ saha. — With accus., I have met with this instance in epic poetry. R. 3, 37, 21 Mârîca dissuades the rapture of Sîtâ. on account of the irresistible power of great Râma dṛṣṭaś cet tvaṃ raṇe tena tadantam upa jīvitam (if he will meet you [Râvaṇa] in battle, then your life is on its end).

159. upa

9. upaはヴェーダのマントラにおいて頻繁であり、その後は稀である。P. 1, 4, 87はこれをkarmapravacanīyaに分類する：1. 「卓越した」を表す場合にはloc.を取る（upa niṣke kāṣapiṇam (by a karshâp. more than a nishka)）、2. 劣等を表すならacc.に従う（upa śākaṭāyanaṃ vaiyākaraṇāḥ）。{P. 2, 3, 9.}

【補足1】
P. 2, 1, 6の諸注釈によれば、upaはabhiと同様に、名詞と複合する際には近さを表す：upakumbham（水瓶の近くに）。 Daç. 99 upakanyakāpuram (near the zenana)

【補足2】
ヴェーダのマントラでは、upaはacc.・loc.・inst.に係り、近さを表す。
Rgv. 1, 23, 17 amūryā upa sūrye yābhir vā sūryaḥ saha

acc.を伴うものについては叙事詩に用例が見られる。
R. 3, 37, 21 Mârîca dissuades the rapture of Sîtâ. on account of the irresistible power of great Râma dṛṣṭaś cet tvaṃ raṇe tena tadantam upa jīvitam (if he will meet you [Râvaṇa] in battle, then your life is on its end)