171. upari.
[10.] upari (above, over, on, upon) is the very opposite of adhaḥ, see 163. As a rule, it is construed with preceding genitive (*1), unless it makes up the latter part of a compound: tasyopari or tadupari. Its employment is various, as it is used a.) of space, b.) of time »upon = immediately after,” c.) of rank, d.) = »on, upon about, concerning, with respect to,” then upari is concurrent with prati and with the nimittasaptamî, e.) = »before, under the eyes of.”
Examples: a.) Kâç. on P. 8, 1, 7 upari śiraso ghaṭaḥ dhārayati (he carries a jar upon his head), Panc. 125 rājño vakṣaḥ sthalopari makṣikopaviṣṭā, Kathâs. 25, 228 sa rājā taddhemābjaṃ syāpayām āsa… kalaśopari, Panc. 112 kopāttasyopari papāta (moved by anger he made a bolt at him). — Metaphorically f. i. Panc. I, 166 deśānām upari kṣmābhṛdāturāṇāṃ cikitsakāḥ etc. »the king lives on his dominions, physicians on the sick,” R. 3, 54, 28 krodho mamāpūrvo dhairyasyopari vardhate (the fresh anger grows over my forbearance, that is: goes beyond my forb.);
b.) Kâç. on P. 3, 3, 9 upari muhūrtasyopādhyāyaś ced āgacchet (if the teacher arrives after a moment) (*2);
c.) Kathâs. 6, 167 tāṃ devīnāmupari kṛtavān (he honoured her above his queens);
d.) Panc. 142 viraktiḥ saṃjātā me sāṃprataṃ deśasyāsyopari (I have now taken a dislike to this country), Mudr. III, p. 105 aho rājaparijanasya cāṇakyasyopari vidveṣapakṣapātaḥ (well, the king’s attendance are not friendly disposed towards Cāṇakya), Panc. 116 kiṃ tava mamopari cintayā (what have you to care for me?), ibid. 26 na dīnopari mahāntaḥ kupyantiḥ;
e.) Panc. 266 prāṇatyāgaṃ tavopari kariṣyāti (I will kill myself before your eyes). Comp. 177.
Rem. Occasionally upari is construed with a locative. Kathâs. 3, 58 upary antaḥpure sā ca ratnam ity abhirakṣthate. — With ablative it is also sometimes met with, as in the passage of Utpala, quoted by Kern in his translation of Varâham. Brh. I, p. 7, which has been adduced 73 R. 3 (*3). Even the accus. with upari is not forbidden. Pâṇ. 8, 1, 7 teaches upari, adhi and adhaḥ being put twice, when denoting a close nearness, as upary upari grāmam / adhy adhi grāmam; here the accus. is standing (see the kârikâ quoted by Kâç. on P. 2, 3, 2). Çiçup. 1, 4 navān adho ‘dho bṛhataḥ payodharān, Mhbh. 1, 120, 9 upary upari gacchantaḥ śailarājam (*4).
(*1)
So it is taught by Pâṇini, as must be inferred by comparing P. 2, 3, 30 with 5, 3, 27-34.
(*2)
In full, the example given by the Kâçikâ, is ūrdhvaṃ muhūrtādupari muhūrtasya etc. In the bad excerpt of the Calcutta edition of Pâṇini these words have been mutilated into muhūrtādupari, which has deceived Boethlingk in his edition of Pâṇini and in his Petr. Dict. (I, p. 968).
(*3)
The example of the Petrop. Dict. (s. v. V, p. 1191), Kathâs. 53, 125 yāvat svargād uparyagāt is not convincing. It is rather probable, that the abl. should be construed with yāvat [169], upari being a mere adverb = »upward.” — For the rest, it is not strange that the wavering between abl. and gen. in construing adjectives and adverbs of space and time (125) appears also in the syntax of prepositions. Cp. 173 R. 1.
(*4)
It is no exception, that Nala. 1, 2 the gen. is used upary upari sarveṣām, since the repetition does not imply here the notion of proximity, the meaning being »[standing] high above all men.”
171. upari
[10.] upari（above, over, on, upon）はadhaḥの正反対である。163をみよ。tasyopariやtadupariのように複合語の後分にならない限り、原則として、先行するgen.に係る（*1）。a.) 空間、b.) 時間（…してすぐに）、c.) 序列、d.) 「…について」、e.) 「…の眼前に」を表すなど、用法は多岐に渡る。d.)については、nimittasaptamīを伴うpratiが同じはたらきをする。
a.)
Kâç. on P. 8, 1, 7 upari śiraso ghaṭaḥ dhārayati (he carries a jar upon his head)
Panc. 125 rājño vakṣaḥ sthalopari makṣikopaviṣṭā
Kathâs. 25, 228 sa rājā taddhemābjaṃ syāpayām āsa… kalaśopari
Panc. 112 kopāttasyopari papāta (moved by anger he made a bolt at him)
比喩的なもの：
Panc. I, 166 deśānām upari kṣmābhṛdāturāṇāṃ cikitsakāḥ etc. »the king lives on his dominions, physicians on the sick”
R. 3, 54, 28 krodho mamāpūrvo dhairyasyopari vardhate (the fresh anger grows over my forbearance, that is: goes beyond my forb.)
b.)
Kâç. on P. 3, 3, 9 upari muhūrtasyopādhyāyaś ced āgacchet (if the teacher arrives after a moment) （*2）
c.)
Kathâs. 6, 167 tāṃ devīnāmupari kṛtavān (he honoured her above his queens)
d.)
Panc. 142 viraktiḥ saṃjātā me sāṃprataṃ deśasyāsyopari (I have now taken a dislike to this country)
Mudr. III, p. 105 aho rājaparijanasya cāṇakyasyopari vidveṣapakṣapātaḥ (well, the king’s attendance are not friendly disposed towards Cāṇakya)
Panc. 116 kiṃ tava mamopari cintayā (what have you to care for me?)
ibid. 26 na dīnopari mahāntaḥ kupyantiḥ
e.)
Panc. 266 prāṇatyāgaṃ tavopari kariṣyāti (I will kill myself before your eyes)
177と比較せよ。
【補足】
upariはloc.を取ることがある。
Kathâs. 3, 58 upary antaḥpure sā ca ratnam ity abhirakṣthate
73-補足3に提示したKern [1865], p. 7（reprint版では1分冊目のp. 436）に引用されたUtpalaの注釈のように、abl.を伴う場合もある（*3）。acc.を伴うものも許される。P. 8, 1, 7は、upary upari grāmam / adhy adhi grāmamのように、至近性を表す場合にupari・adhi・adhaḥを2度繰り返すことを教示している；ここではacc.が常である（Kâç. on P. 2, 3, 2に引用されるkārikāをみよ）。
Çiçup. 1, 4 navān adho ‘dho bṛhataḥ payodharān
Mhbh. 1, 120, 9 upary upari gacchantaḥ śailarājam （*4）
（*1）
P. 2, 3, 30と5, 3, 27-34を比較するに、これはPāṇiniにより教示されていると推測すべきである。
（*2）
詳しく言うと、Kâç.の与える例はūrdhvaṃ muhūrtādupari muhūrtasya…である。Calcutta版Pāṇini文典の悪しい引用では、これらの語はmuhūrtādupari…へと〔muhūrtasyaが脱落する形に〕損なわれてしまっており、Böhtlingk校訂版（[1839], p. 158; [1887], p. 115）とSanskrit Wörterbuch（I, p. 968）はそれに騙されている（*訳注）。
（*3）
Sanskrit Wörterbuch（V, p. 1191）の用例とKathâs. 53, 125 yāvat svargād uparyagātはあまり納得のいくものではない。yāvatがabl.に係るべきで（169）、upariは単なる副詞（＝「上方へ」）に過ぎないとするほうが確からしい。—その他、空間・時間を表す形容詞・副詞（125）が係る際の、abl.とgen.の間の揺らぎが前置詞の構文にも現れるのは不思議ではない。173-補足1をみよ。
（*4）
Nala. 1, 2 upary upari sarveṣāmでgen.が用いられているが、ここでの繰り返しは近接性の概念を意図するものではなく、「あらゆる男より高きに〔立って〕」という意味なので、例外はない。
（*訳注）
BöhtlingkによるPāṇini文典は、Pânini's acht Bücher grammatischer Regeln（2 vol.、1839-1840）とPāṇini’s Grammatik（1 vol., 1887）がある。132*.に"see Boethlingk Pāṇini II, p. 82"とあるから、Speijerが参照し得たのはもちろん前者である。もっとも、彼の指摘するmuhūrtasyaはどちらの刊本においても脱落している。