176. puraḥ, purataḥ, purastāt and agre, agrataḥ etc.

[14.] The very opposite of paścāt is the old adverb puraḥ = before and its synonyms: a) the kindred purataḥ, purastāt, b) agre and agrataḥ (literally „at the top, at the head”). When prepositions, they comply with genitive or are compounded. They are employed both of space and of time.

Examples of puraḥ etc. applied to space. Çâk. V tataḥ praviśanti munayaḥ puraś caiṣāṃ kañcukī purohitaś ca; Âçv. Grhy. 1, 11, 6 tasya [paśoḥ] purastād ulmukaṃ haranti (before the victim they bear a blazing stick); Panc. 286 tasyā agre nicikṣepa [sc. pallavāni] (he cast the young shoots down before her). — As to their application to time see 178.

176. puraḥ・purataḥ・purastātおよびagre・agrataḥ etc.

[14.] paścātと正反対のものが、古い副詞puraḥ（…の前に）とその同義語：a.) 同源のpurataḥ・purastāt、b.) agre・agrataḥ（原義は「頂上に、上部に」）である。前置詞の場合、これらはgen.に係るか、あるいは複合語となる。どちらも空間・時間を表すのに用いられる。

例：空間に適用されるpuraḥ等
Çâk. V tataḥ praviśanti munayaḥ puraś caiṣāṃ kañcukī purohitaś ca
Âçv. Grhy. 1, 11, 6 tasya [paśoḥ] purastād ulmukaṃ haranti (before the victim they bear a blazing stick)
Panc. 286 tasyā agre nicikṣepa [sc. pallavāni] (he cast the young shoots down before her)

時間に適用されるものについては178をみよ。