177.

They are also often used to denote „in the presence of, under the eyes of” = Lat. coram. In the same way samakṣam and pratyakṣam. Moreover words, meaning „in the vicinity of” as saṃnidhau etc.

Note the frequent employment of this turn with verbs of saying, telling, promising, even with those of going, bringing, appearing and the like. It is virtually the same to say tasyāgre —, tasya purataḥ, samīpe etc. kathayati (pratiśṛṇoti etc.) or tasmai —, tasya —, taṃ prati kathayati (pratiśṛṇoti etc.)

Examples: 1. — puraḥ etc. = Lat. coram. Daç. 96 sā tān puruṣān sāmapūrvaṃ mama purastād ayācata; Ratn. III, p. 67 hṛiyā sarvasyāgre namati(*1) vadanam (for shame she lowers her face before everybody); Kathâs. 4, 79 satyaṃ samakṣam asmākam anenāṅgīkṛtaṃ (forsooth in our presence he has avowed [as to] the money); Daç. 176 tasyāḥ puro ruroda (— wept before her eyes).

2. — puraḥ etc. with verbs of saying, telling, bringing etc. Kathâs. 27, 27 sa rājñaḥ purataḥ sarvasabravīt (he told the king all); Panc. 274 tau pitroragrato vihasantau jyeṣṭhabhrātṛceṣṭitam ūcatuḥ; ibid. 25 the chacal says to the lion kiṃ svāmipādānām agre ‘satyaṃ vajñāpyate; Nala. 1, 15 tasyāḥ samīpe tu nalaṃ praśaśaṃsuḥ… naiṣadhasya samīpe tu damayantīṃ punaḥ punaḥ; Kathâs, 25, 211 etat pratijñātaṃ svayaṃ narapateḥ puraḥ… mayā (I myself have promised so to the king), Panc. 277 peṭā rājāgre nītā (the basket was brought to the king), Mahâv. I, p. 18 rāmabhadrasya purataḥ prādurbhavatu taddhanuḥ = rāmabhadrāya [or -drasya].

Rem. The inverse of Lat. coram, viz. clam »at the back of, without the knowledge of” is expressed by parokṣam or -kṣe, pṛṣṭhe, pṛṣṭhataḥ sim. Kathâs. 29, 73 sā snuṣāṃ… putrasya parokṣam akadarthayat (she illtreated her daughter-in-law without the knowledge of her son). (*2).

(*1)
So I have mended the bad reading of mss. and edd. nayati.

(*2)
In the brâhmaṇas parokṣam, -kṣāt when = clam, is also construed with instrum. Çat. Br. 1, 5, 2, 7 yajamānena parokṣam, Ait. Br. 3, 36, 5 ahinā budhyena.

177. 承前

これら〔puraḥ・purataḥ・purastātおよびagre・agrataḥ〕は、しばしば「…のいる所で」「…の眼前に」を表すのにも用いられる（＝Lat. coram）。samakṣamとpratyakṣamも同様。saṃnidhauなどのような「…の近くに」を意味する語も同様。

「言う」「伝える」「約束する」の動詞を伴うこの言い回しは頻繁であるが、「行く」「持ってくる」「現れる」などを伴うものも頻繁であることに注意せよ。事実上、以下の言い回しは同じである：〈tasyāgre / tasya purataḥ / samīpe〉 kathayati (pratiśṛṇoti etc.)、〈tasmai / tasya / taṃ〉 prati kathayati (pratiśṛṇoti etc.)

1. — puraḥ etc. = Lat. coram
Daç. 96 sā tān puruṣān sāmapūrvaṃ mama purastād ayācata
Ratn. III, p. 67 hṛiyā sarvasyāgre namati（*1） vadanam (for shame she lowers her face before everybody)
Kathâs. 4, 79 satyaṃ samakṣam asmākam anenāṅgīkṛtaṃ (forsooth in our presence he has avowed [as to] the money)
Daç. 176 tasyāḥ puro ruroda (— wept before her eyes)

2. 「言う」「伝える」「約束する」の動詞を伴う— puraḥ etc.
Kathâs. 27, 27 sa rājñaḥ purataḥ sarvasabravīt (he told the king all)
Panc. 274 tau pitroragrato vihasantau jyeṣṭhabhrātṛceṣṭitam ūcatuḥ
ibid. 25 the chacal says to the lion kiṃ svāmipādānām agre ‘satyaṃ vajñāpyate
Nala. 1, 15 tasyāḥ samīpe tu nalaṃ praśaśaṃsuḥ… naiṣadhasya samīpe tu damayantīṃ punaḥ punaḥ
Kathâs, 25, 211 etat pratijñātaṃ svayaṃ narapateḥ puraḥ… mayā (I myself have promised so to the king)
Panc. 277 peṭā rājāgre nītā (the basket was brought to the king)
Mahâv. I, p. 18 rāmabhadrasya purataḥ prādurbhavatu taddhanuḥ = rāmabhadrāya [or -drasya]

【補足】
ラテン語”coram”の逆、すなわち”clam”（「…の後ろに」「…の知識なくして」）は、parokṣamあるいは-kṣe、pṛṣṭhe、pṛṣṭhataḥで表される。
Kathâs. 29, 73 sā snuṣāṃ… putrasya parokṣam akadarthayat (she illtreated her daughter-in-law without the knowledge of her son) （*2）

（*1）
写本と校訂の誤読であるnayatiを訂正してある。

（*2）
ブラーフマナ文献では、「…の後ろに」「…の知識なくして」を表す場合のparokṣam・-kṣeはinst.にも係る。
Çat. Br. 1, 5, 2, 7 yajamānena parokṣam
Ait. Br. 3, 36, 5 ahinā budhyena