179. prati.

[16] prati with accusative is, relatively speaking, the most common among the so called prepositions. It generally denotes the direction towards, and for this reason it often is a concurrent idiom of the sole accusative, dative and locative. It is used a) with words of movement to signify the „whither,” b) in such turns, as speaking to, bowing to, striving to, love —, hatred —, anger to and the like, c) like the nimittasaptamî (147) to express „with respect to, on account of, concerning, about, on”, d) = „about,” to denote nearness in space or time, e) it has a distributive sense, in what case one is wont to compound prati with its noun, as pratyaham (every day).

As a rule, prati is put behind its noun, at least in prose.

Examples: a) Panc. 42 gṛhaṃ prati pratasthe (he set out homeward), Daç. 30 gacchannijedaśaṃ prati; — methaphor. R. 2, 107, 11 gayena yajamānena pitṝprati (by Gaya, as he directed his worship to the pitaras).

b). Panc. 159 bhaṇitaṃ tvāṃ prati tayā; — R. 2, 52, 79 nadīṃ tāṃ saha sītayā praṇamat prati saṃtuṣṭaḥ; — Mudr. I, p. 22 tadgrahaṇaṃ prati yatnaḥ; — Çâk. III evam upālabdhasya te na māṃ pratyanukrośaḥ; — Çâk. VII sahadharmacāriṇaṃ prati na tvayā manyuḥ kāryaḥ; — R. 3, 54, 23 vairaṃ rāmaṃ prati; — Çâk. I mandotsuvyo ’smi nagaragamanaṃ prati.

c.) M. 8, 245 sīmāṃ prati samutpanne vivāde (if a contest have arisen about some boundary); Nala. 2, 6 cintayāmāsa tatkāryaṃ sumahatsvāṃ sutāṃ prati (— concerning his daughter); MâIat. IX, p. 154 priyāṃ tu mālatīṃ prati nirāśo ‘smi; Panc. 3 Vishnuçarman engages himself to make the king’s sons nayaśāstraṃ pratyananyasadṛśān; Çâk. I kiṃ nu khalu yathā vayam asyām evam iyam apy asmān prati syāt (should she perhaps be disposed towards me, as I am to her?).

Rem. Note the phrase māṃ prati »in my opinion, for my part,” fr. selon moi. In full māṃ prati pratibhāti (it looks-, seems to me). Hitop. 100 tena vinā sakalajanapūrṇo ’py ayaṃ grāmo māṃ praty araṇyavatpratibhāti.

d.) Mhbh. 1, 8, 7 apsarā menakā… taṃ garbham… utsasarja yathākālaṃ sthūlakeśāśramaṃ prati (— about the hermitage of Sth.); M. 7, 182 mārgaśīrṣe śubhe māsi yāyādyātrāṃ mahīpatiḥ / phālguṇaṃ vātha caitraṃ vā māsau prati.

e). Panc. 286 tasya vaeṣaṃ prati karabham ekaṃ prayacchati (he gives him one camel a year); Yâjñ. 1, 110 yajñaṃ prati (at every sacrifice). — Compounded f. i. Çâk. I pratipātram ādhīyatāṃ yatnaḥ (let each actor do his duty), Bhojapr. 14 tasmai rājyaṃ dadau nijaputrebhyaḥ pratyekam ekaikaṃ grāmaṃ dattvā. A concurrent idiom is mentioned 158 R. 1.

179. prati

[16.] acc.を伴うpratiは、比較すれば、いわゆる前置詞の中でも最も一般的なものである。ふつう向かう方向を表し、このためにしばしば単なるacc.、dat.、loc.と同じはたらきをする。a.) 「…へ」を表すために移動を表す語と共に用いられる、b.) 「…に話す」「…にお辞儀する」「…と戦う」「…を愛する」「…を憎む」「…を怒る」などの言い回しで用いられる、c.) nimittasaptamī（147）と同様に、「…に関して、…について」を表すために用いられる、d.) 空間・時間における近さを表すために用いられる、など。e.) pratyaham（「毎日」）のように名詞と複合する場合、配分的意味をもつ。

原則としてpratiは、少なくとも散文においては、名詞の後ろに置かれる。

例：

a.)
Panc. 42 gṛhaṃ prati pratasthe (he set out homeward)
Daç. 30 gacchannijedaśaṃ prati

・比喩
R. 2, 107, 11 gayena yajamānena pitṝprati (by Gaya, as he directed his worship to the pitaras)

b.)
Panc. 159 bhaṇitaṃ tvāṃ prati tayā
R. 2, 52, 79 nadīṃ tāṃ saha sītayā praṇamat prati saṃtuṣṭaḥ
Mudr. I, p. 22 tadgrahaṇaṃ prati yatnaḥ
Çâk. III evam upālabdhasya te na māṃ pratyanukrośaḥ
Çâk. VII sahadharmacāriṇaṃ prati na tvayā manyuḥ kāryaḥ
R. 3, 54, 23 vairaṃ rāmaṃ prati
Çâk. I mandotsuvyo ’smi nagaragamanaṃ prati

c.)
M. 8, 245 sīmāṃ prati samutpanne vivāde (if a contest have arisen about some boundary)
Nala. 2, 6 cintayāmāsa tatkāryaṃ sumahatsvāṃ sutāṃ prati (— concerning his daughter)
MâIat. IX, p. 154 priyāṃ tu mālatīṃ prati nirāśo ‘smi
Panc. 3 Vishnuçarman engages himself to make the king’s sons nayaśāstraṃ pratyananyasadṛśān
Çâk. I kiṃ nu khalu yathā vayam asyām evam iyam apy asmān prati syāt (should she perhaps be disposed towards me, as I am to her?)

【補足】
māṃ prati（「私の意見では、私としては」）、フランス語では”selon moi”、に注意せよ。略さず言うとmāṃ prati pratibhāti（「…であると私には思われる」）。
Hitop. 100 tena vinā sakalajanapūrṇo ’py ayaṃ grāmo māṃ praty araṇyavatpratibhāti

d.)
Mhbh. 1, 8, 7 apsarā menakā… taṃ garbham… utsasarja yathākālaṃ sthūlakeśāśramaṃ prati (— about the hermitage of Sth.)
M. 7, 182 mārgaśīrṣe śubhe māsi yāyādyātrāṃ mahīpatiḥ / phālguṇaṃ vātha caitraṃ vā māsau prati

e.)
Panc. 286 tasya vaeṣaṃ prati karabham ekaṃ prayacchati (he gives him one camel a year)
Yâjñ. 1, 110 yajñaṃ prati (at every sacrifice)

・複合語
Çâk. I pratipātram ādhīyatāṃ yatnaḥ (let each actor do his duty)
Bhojapr. 14 tasmai rājyaṃ dadau nijaputrebhyaḥ pratyekam ekaikaṃ grāmaṃ dattvā

同じはたらきをするイディオムは158-補足1で述べた。