182. vinā.

[18] vinā (without) is construed with instrumental, accusative or ablative. {P. 2, 3, 32.} In prose it is commonly put behind its case (*1), in poetry it often precedes.

Examples: with instrum. Panc. 266 ahaṃ tvayā vinā nātra vastuṃ śaknomi (I cannot live here without you); — with accus. Panc. 269 sā punar na śaktā tvāṃ vinā sthātum (but she cannot stay without you), R. 3, 9, 20 na vinā yāti taṃ khaṅgam (he does not go abroad without that sword); — with ablat. Daç. 141 tādṛśād bhāgyarāśer vinā (without such a store of happiness), Var. Bṛh. 44, 17 sa jayati tadā narendraḥ śatrūnacirād vinā yatnāt.

Rem. 1. Occasionally vinA may have the meaning of »save, if not”. Panc. I, 42 vinā malayamanyatra candranaṃ na prarohati, ibid. p. 244 na ca raktākṣaṃ vinā dhīmān (there is nobody wise but Raktâxa).

Rem. 2. Just as vinā are construed pṛthak and nānā »apart from.” {P. 2, 3, 32.} Of nānā, when a prepos., I can quote no instance from literature, of pṛthak only with an ablat. Bhojapr. 27 rājadharmaḥ pṛthag vidvaddharmāt (the king’s duty lies outside the duty of the scholar), Prabodh. II, p. 84, Mudr. I, p. 48.

(*1)
But not always. Mudr. VII, p. 228 f. i. vinaiva yuddhād āryeṇa parājitam it precedes, stress being laid upon it »even without striking a blow Your Excellence has vanquished.”

182. vinā

[18.] vinā（…なしに）はinst.、acc.、abl.に係る。{P. 2, 3, 32.} 散文においては、ふつうそれらの格の後に置かれ（*1）、詩文ではしばしば先行する。

例：
・inst.
Panc. 266 ahaṃ tvayā vinā nātra vastuṃ śaknomi (I cannot live here without you)

・acc.
Panc. 269 sā punar na śaktā tvāṃ vinā sthātum (but she cannot stay without you)
R. 3, 9, 20 na vinā yāti taṃ khaṅgam (he does not go abroad without that sword)

・abl.
Daç. 141 tādṛśād bhāgyarāśer vinā (without such a store of happiness)
Var. Bṛh. 44, 17 sa jayati tadā narendraḥ śatrūnacirād vinā yatnāt

【補足1】
vināは「…を除けば、そうでなければ」の意味を持っていることがある。
Panc. I, 42 vinā malayamanyatra candranaṃ na prarohati
ibid. p. 244 na ca raktākṣaṃ vinā dhīmān (there is nobody wise but Raktâxa)

【補足2】
vināは、同時にpṛthakやnānā（「…を除いて」）に係る。{P. 2, 3, 32.} 前置詞の場合のnānāについて、私は文献からの用例を何も引用できない。pṛthakについてはabl.を伴うもののみがある。
Bhojapr. 27 rājadharmaḥ pṛthag vidvaddharmāt (the king’s duty lies outside the duty of the scholar)

Prabodh. II, p. 84、Mudr. I, p. 48等も参照せよ。

けれども、常にではない。
Mudr. VII, p. 228 f. i. vinaiva yuddhād āryeṇa parājitam »even without striking a blow Your Excellence has vanquished.”

ここで先行するvināは、「…がなかったとしても」を強調する。