188. antike, samīpe and other words of proximity, when expressive of „towards,“ and the like.
In the first place: the loc., acc. and abl. of nouns, meaning proximity, vicinity, neighbourhood (as antike, samīpa, saṃnidhi) or the side (pārśva) and similar, are a means for expressing „near; to, towards; from.” This periphrase is especially employed to signify a moving towards or from a person. „He has come to me” madantikaṃ [or -ke] āgataḥ or matsakāśam, matsamīpam, matpārśvam etc., „he is gone from me” matpārśvāpayātaḥ etc.
Examples : 1. moving to a person. Accus. and locat. of the periphrasing noun. — antika: Daç. 19 bālaṃ… bhavad antikam ānītavān asmi, Panc. 269 tavāntike tam āneṣyāmi; — sakâça: Mṛcch. III, p. 125 maitreya gaccha vasantasenāyāḥ sakāśam (M., go to V.), Panc. 262 ahaṃ tvatsakāśe maitryartham āgataḥ (I have come to you for friendship); — samîpa: Hit. 22 asya samīpam upagacchāmi, Panc. 178 bhūyo ’pi satvaraṃ citrāṅgasamīpe gataḥ; — pârçva: Panc. 257 vānarapārśvam agamat, ibid. 55 bhagavān nārāyaṇaḥ kanyakāpārśve ’bhyeti; - saṃnidhi: Daç. 133 ādāya cainaṃ mama pitroḥ saṃnidhimanaiṣam; — nikata: Kathâs. 24, 66 brāhmaṇaṃ taṃ visṛṣṭavān… duhitur nikaṭaṃ tadā (then he allowed that brahman to go to his daughter), Bhojapr. 60 rājanikaṭe nītaḥ; — abhyarna: Daç. 36 vanitāṃ… matpitur abhyarṇaṃ abhigamayya (conducted the woman to my father and —); — upakanṭha: Daç;. 39 tadupakaṇṭham upetya. This list may easily be enlarged. From the archaic dialect I add an instance of ardha being equivalent with pārśva. Ch. Up. 5, 3, 4 sa hāyastaḥ piturardhameyāya (he went sorrowful to his father).
2. moving from a person. Ablat. of the periphrasing noun. — Kathâs. 10, 26 śrīdattaḥ saha tair mitrais tatsamīpād apāsarat (Çrîd. with his friends withdrew from him), Ragh. 5, 24 raghoḥ sakāśād anuvāpya kāmaṃ / gataḥ (gone from Raghu, without having obtained his desire), Mṛcch. X, p. 375 apanīyatām ayaṃ cārudattapārśvāt.
3. Staying near. Locat. of the periphrasing noun. — Âçv. Gṛhy. 1, 18, 7 sthitvāhaḥ śeṣam ācāryasakāśe vācaṃ visṛjeta, Panc. 277 kūpopakaṇṭhe viśrānto brāhmaṇaḥ, ibid. 160 dhavalagṛhapārśve = »near the white house.” When attending on persons, the periphrasing nouns may of course be = »in the presence of,” thus being synonymous with puraḥ, agre and the like (177). Hence they may occasionally denote the person addressed to. R. 3, 10, 9 hati mayā vyāhūtaṃ dvijasaṃnidhau (so I have spoken to the brahmans).
Rem. 1. By so called syntactic analogy sakāśāt is occasionally construed with the abl. instead of the gen. of the noun, it qualifies. Varâh. Bṛh. 104, 12 vairakumārakebhyo bhaumaḥ sakāśāt phalam ādadhāti (Mars takes away the fruit of thieves and princes).
Rem. 2. Kathâs. 25, 129 we have antikena = »near,” śmaśānasyāntikena sa… aśṛṇodgiram.
Rem. 3. pārśvataḥ, samīpataḥ, sakāśataḥ sometimes have the worth of ablatives, but sometimes also that of locatives, f. i. Kathâs. 32, 99 astohekṣumato nāma puro tasyāś ca pārśvataḥ / nadī (— and at its side a river), cp. Nala. 6, 4.
188. 「…へ向かって」を表す場合のantike・samīpeおよび近接性を表す他の語
第一に：近接、近くにあること、周囲を表す名詞（antike、samīpa、saṃnidhi）、あるいは側を表す名詞などのloc.、acc.、abl.は、「…の近くに」「…へ」「…に向かって」「…から」を表すために用いられる。この迂言は、特にある人物への / からの移動を表すために用いられる。 〈madantikaṃ / -ke / matsakāśam / matsamīpam / matpārśvam〉 āgataḥ etc. （「彼が私のところに来た」）、matpārśvāpayātaḥ（「彼は私のところから去った」）など。
1. 〈人物〉へ移動する；迂言の名詞のacc.、loc.
・antika
Daç. 19 bālaṃ… bhavad antikam ānītavān asmi
Panc. 269 tavāntike tam āneṣyāmi
・sakāśa
Mṛcch. III, p. 125 maitreya gaccha vasantasenāyāḥ sakāśam (M., go to V.)
Panc. 262 ahaṃ tvatsakāśe maitryartham āgataḥ (I have come to you for friendship)
・samīpa
Hit. 22 asya samīpam upagacchāmi
Panc. 178 bhūyo ’pi satvaraṃ citrāṅgasamīpe gataḥ
・pārśva
Panc. 257 vānarapārśvam agamat
ibid. 55 bhagavān nārāyaṇaḥ kanyakāpārśve ’bhyeti
・saṃnidhi
Daç. 133 ādāya cainaṃ mama pitroḥ saṃnidhimanaiṣam
・nikata
Kathâs. 24, 66 brāhmaṇaṃ taṃ visṛṣṭavān… duhitur nikaṭaṃ tadā (then he allowed that brahman to go to his daughter)
Bhojapr. 60 rājanikaṭe nītaḥ
・abhyarna
Daç. 36 vanitāṃ… matpitur abhyarṇaṃ abhigamayya (conducted the woman to my father and —)
・upakanṭha
Daç;. 39 tadupakaṇṭham upetya
このリストは容易に増広できる。古代方言からpārśvaと等しいardhaの用例を加えておく：
Ch. Up. 5, 3, 4 sa hāyastaḥ piturardhameyāya (he went sorrowful to his father)
2. 〈人物〉から移動する；迂言の名詞のabl.
Kathâs. 10, 26 śrīdattaḥ saha tair mitrais tatsamīpād apāsarat (Çrîd. with his friends withdrew from him)
Ragh. 5, 24 raghoḥ sakāśād anuvāpya kāmaṃ / gataḥ (gone from Raghu, without having obtained his desire)
Mṛcch. X, p. 375 apanīyatām ayaṃ cārudattapārśvāt
3. 近くに留まる；迂言の名詞のloc.
Âçv. Gṛhy. 1, 18, 7 sthitvāhaḥ śeṣam ācāryasakāśe vācaṃ visṛjeta
Panc. 277 kūpopakaṇṭhe viśrānto brāhmaṇaḥ
ibid. 160 dhavalagṛhapārśve = »near the white house”
人物が〔このloc.に〕付随する場合、迂言の名詞はもちろん「…のいる前で」と等しく、したがってpuraḥやagreなど（177）と同義である。なので、これらは呼びかけられる人物を表すことがある。
R. 3, 10, 9 hati mayā vyāhūtaṃ dvijasaṃnidhau (so I have spoken to the brahmans)
【補足1】
統語論的な類推（syntactic analogy）によって、sakāśātは、それが修飾する名詞のgen.の代わりにabl.をとることがある。 Varâh. Bṛh. 104, 12 vairakumārakebhyo bhaumaḥ sakāśāt phalam ādadhāti (Mars takes away the fruit of thieves and princes)
【補足2】
「…の近くに」を表すantikenaがある：
Kathâs. 25, 129 śmaśānasyāntikena sa… aśṛṇodgiram
【補足3】
pārśvataḥ、samīpataḥ、sakāśataḥはabl.のはたらきをすることもあれば、loc.のときもある。
Kathâs. 32, 99 astohekṣumato nāma puro tasyāś ca pārśvataḥ / nadī (— and at its side a river)
Nala. 6, 4と比較せよ。