210. Tatpurusha.

The tatpurusha serves to express in a condensed shape a noun — substantive or adjective — together with some other noun qualifying it, as tatpuruṣaḥ = tasya puruṣaḥ (his man), ahihataḥ = ahinā hataḥ (bitten by a serpent), navayauvanam = navaṃ yauvanam (the first youth). The noun qualifying is the former member of the tatpurusha; the noun qualified, which is at the same time the main element, its latter member (*1).

Rem. The efficient elements of a tatpurusha are not of necessity self-existent words. The former part may be such a particle as su-, duḥ-, a-, see 218. The latter may be a kṛt, not otherwise used but in compounds, as -ja, -ga, -stha, -jña, -kṣa, -bhuj, -bhāj, -śaya, -kṛt, -kārin, -bhojin, -hārin etc. Many of these compounds have got a special meaning so as to make them indissoluble unities, as aṇḍaja »bird,” kumbhakāra »potter,” kiṃkara »servant.” Yet free compounding is also allowed. So Panc. I, 103 kauśeyaṃ kṛmijam may be analyzed into kau- kṛmerjātam, ibid. p. 28 prasādasaṃmukho naḥ svāmī vacanavaśagaś ca [= vacanavaśe gataḥ], Bhojapr. 2 loko ‘yaṃ māṃ sarvajñaṃ vakti, Panc. 41 samīpavirtini nagare [= samīpe vartamāne na-].

(*1)
Pat. I, p. 392 uttarapadārthapradhānastatpuruṣaḥ. In the same way the dvandva is styled ubhayapadārthapradhānaḥ, the bahuvrîhi anyapadārthapradhānaḥ, and the avyayîbhâva pūrvapadārthapradhānaḥ.

2. tatpuruṣa

tatpuruṣaは、名詞（実名詞・形容詞）とそれを修飾する別の名詞を簡約された形で表現するのに資する：tatpuruṣaḥ＝tasya puruṣaḥ（彼の男）、ahihataḥ＝ahinā hataḥ（蛇に噛まれた）、navayauvanam＝navaṃ yauvanam（最初の青年期）。修飾する名詞はtatpuruṣaの前分である；修飾される名詞は、同時に主要素であり、後分である（*1）。

【補足】
tatpuruṣaにおいて有効な要素は自立語である必要がない。前分はsu-、duḥ-、a-でありうる；218をみよ。後分は、本来複合語では用いられないkṛt接尾辞でありうる：-ja、-ga、-stha、-jña、-kṣa、-bhuj、-bhāj、-śaya、-kṛt、-kārin、-bhojin、-hārinなど。
これら複合語の多くは、分解されざる結合になるため、特別な意味をもつ：aṇḍaja（鳥）、kumbhakāra（ 陶工）、kiṃkara（従者）。
けれども、自由な複合も許される。よって、Panc. I, 103 kauśeyaṃ kṛmijamはkau- kṛmerjātamと分析できる。
ibid. p. 28 prasādasaṃmukho naḥ svāmī vacanavaśagaś ca [= vacanavaśe gataḥ]
Bhojapr. 2 loko ‘yaṃ māṃ sarvajñaṃ vakti
Panc. 41 samīpavirtini nagare [= samīpe vartamāne na-]

（*1）
Pat. I, p. 392 uttarapadārthapradhānas tatpuruṣaḥ
同様に、dvandvaはubhayapadārthapradhānaḥ、bahuvrīhiはanyapadārthapradhānaḥ、 avyayībhāvaはpūrvapadārthapradhānaḥと呼ばれる。