213.

We will insist on some species:

a.) such as are made up of a title + the noun of its bearer, as āryacāṇakyaḥ (Sir Câṇakya), amātyarākṣasaḥ (Minister Râxasa). So Utt. II, p. 30 kumāralakṣmaṇaḥ (Prince L.), Mâlav. I, p. 24 paṇḍitakauśikī khalu bhavatī (you are the learned Kauçikî, are not you ?), Mṛcch. III, p. 115 ahaṃ hi gaṇikāmadanikārtham akāryam anutiṣṭhāmi, but some lines after (p. 116) we read in inverse order madanikāgaṇikārthe, cp. Panc. 59 anena viṣṇujāmātṛprabhāveṇa sarve atravo nihatāḥ, here the proper noun viṣṇu is followed, not preceded by its epithet. In some cases the latter idiom seems to be the regular one, as vindhyācalaḥ (Mount Vindhya).

b.) those ending in -jana, the former part being a subst., as strījanaḥ, duhitṛjanaḥ, gurujanaḥ. Here jana has sometimes the power of a collective, sometimes it denotes the individual (19 R), strījanaḥ may be = »womankind,” »women” or even one »woman,” and so on;

c.) the type ardhapippalī (half a pepper). It is not allowed to say pippalyardham, but pippalyā ardham; when compounded it must be ardhapippalī (*1). {P. 2, 2, 1 and 2.} So f. i. Ragh. 7, 42 ardhamārga (halfway), Panc. 203 ardhapādaspṛṣṭabhūmiḥ (touching the earth with the half of his foot). The same applies to pūrva, apara, adhara, uttara, etc. when denoting: the fore-part, the part behind, the lower and upper part. Therefore it is said pūrvakāyaḥ (the fore-part of the body), pūrvāhṇaḥ (fore-noon), apararātraḥ (the latter part of the night), uttamāṅgam (head), prathamarātrī (the fore-night), and the like. So madhya in madhyāhnaḥ = madhyam ahnaḥ. We have here the same adjectival conception as in Latin summus mons, media urbs, Greek μἑση ἡ πόλις etc.

Rem. 1. ardha, like our »half,” is also compounded with a participle or some other adjective, as ardhoditaḥ sūryaḥ (the sun, half-risen), Panc. 9 ardhasphāṭito dārumayaḥ stambhaḥ.

Rem. 2. As to compounds, commencing by dvitīya, tṛtīya, caturtha or turya, when = »half, the third —, fourth part,” one may say as well dvitīyabhikṣā as bhikṣādvitīyam (half an alms) and the like. {P. 2, 2, 3.} The same may be stated of agra (top, edge, extremity), as it is said as well agranakha (the edge of a nail) as nakhāgra (see Petr. Dict. s. v. and the passages adduced there s. v. agra).

(*1)
But it is allowed to say pippalyardhaḥ (a portion of a pepper). Pat. I, 407 states ardha to be a neuter, when meaning »half,” but a masculine, when = »portion, part:” samapravibhāge napuṃsakaliṅgo ‘vayavavācī puṃlliṅgaḥ

213. 肩書き・-jana・ardha

いくつかの種類について強調しておく：

a.) āryacāṇakyaḥ（Cāṇakya殿）、amātyarākṣasaḥ（Rāxasa大臣）のような、肩書き＋その所有者から成るもの。
Utt. II, p. 30 kumāralakṣmaṇaḥ (Prince L.)
Mâlav. I, p. 24 paṇḍitakauśikī khalu bhavatī (you are the learned Kauçikî, are not you ?)
Mṛcch. III, p. 115 ahaṃ hi gaṇikāmadanikārtham akāryam anutiṣṭhāmi
数行語（p. 116）では逆順：madanikāgaṇikārthe

以下と比較せよ：
Panc. 59 anena viṣṇujāmātṛprabhāveṇa sarve atravo nihatāḥ

ここで固有名詞viṣṇuは、その肩書きに先行するのではなく後に続いている。vindhyācalaḥ（Vindhya山）のように、いくつかの場合では、後者のイディオムが通常のようである。

b.) strījanaḥ、duhitṛjanaḥ、gurujanaḥのような、前分が実名詞で-janaで終わるもの。ここでのjanaは集合的な効力をもったり、個物を表したりすることがある（19-補足）。strījanaḥは集合的な「婦人」（womankind, women）を指したり、個物としての「女性」（woman）を指したりする、など。

c.) ardhapippalī（半分の胡椒）のタイプ。pippalyardhamと言うのもpippalyā ardhamと言うのも許されない；複合する際にはardhapippalīでなくてはならない（*1）。{P. 2, 2, 1-2}
Ragh. 7, 42 ardhamārga (halfway)
Panc. 203 ardhapādaspṛṣṭabhūmiḥ (touching the earth with the half of his foot)

同じことが、ものの前側、後ろ側、下側、上側を表す場合のpūrva、apara、adhara、uttaraなどに適用される。したがって、pūrvakāyaḥ (the fore-part of the body)、pūrvāhṇaḥ (fore-noon)、apararātraḥ (the latter part of the night)、uttamāṅgam (head), prathamarātrī (the fore-night)などとなる。madhyāhnaḥのmadhyaはmadhyam ahnaḥと等しい。これにはラテン語のsummus monsやmedia urbs、古代ギリシャ語のμἑση ἡ πόλιςなどのような同じ形容詞的構文がある。

【補足1】
ardhaは、英語の”half”と同様に、分詞や他の形容詞とも複合する：ardhoditaḥ sūryaḥ（半分昇った太陽）。 Panc. 9 ardhasphāṭito dārumayaḥ stambhaḥ

【補足2】
dvitīya、tṛtīya、caturthaやturyaで始まり「n分の1」を表す場合の複合語については、dvitīyabhikṣāともbhikṣādvitīyam（半分の喜捨）ともできる。{P. 2, 2, 3.} agraについても同様で、agranakha (the edge of a nail)ともnakhāgraともできる（Petr. Dict.のagraの項をみよ）。

（*1）
けれども、pippalyardhaḥ（胡椒の一部分）と言うことは許される。Pat. I, 407は、ardhaは「半分」を表す場合にn.で、「一部分」を表す場合にm.であることを述べている：
samapravibhāge napuṃsakaliṅgo ‘vayavavācī puṃlliṅgaḥ