217. additions to the rules of Pâṇini thereabout.

This list of possible kinds of tatpurushas, made up of noun-case + noun, is however not complete, as will soon appear, if one undertakes to systematize the tatpurushas occurring in fact in some literary work (*1). So, among others, Pâṇini does not mention the abl. of comparison, compounded with anya and itara; the instrumental + words expressive of plenty; the accus. with the participial adjectives in -u. Then, many more participles, whose former part is some noun-case, are in common use, though not necessarily, if at all, implied by the foresaid rules.

1. abl. of comparison + anya, especially, if the former part be a pronoun, as Hit. 30 bhavadanyo mayā kaḥ suhṛtprāptavyaḥ, Panc. I, 12 trade is said to be the best means for making money, tadanyaḥ [sc. upāyaḥ] saṃśayātmakaḥ (any other but this is dangerous).

2. abl. of compar. + itara. — Such compounds are an elegant paraphrase, while calling something: the contrary of its opposite. So dakṣiṇetara = savya »left,” sulabhetara upāyaḥ (a difficult expedient), Daç. 175 tayā navavadhvā dveṣam alpetaraṃ babandha (he bore his newly married wife a heavy grudge).

3. instrum. + word expressive of plenty. Of the kind are those in -āṭhya, -pracura, -samākula etc. Panc. 319 ūrṇāpracuro ’yaṃ meṣaḥ, ibid. 7 siṃhavyāghrasamākule ’sminvane.

4. accus. + adjective in -u derived of a desiderative. Panc. 3 nāham arthalipsuḥ, M. 7, 197 yudhyeta jayaprepsurapetabhīḥ.

5. Instances of noun-cases + participles are manifold and often met with. First, such as where the former part represents a sociative instrumental, as Panc. I, 164 saṃmānasaṃyuktāḥ sevakāḥ, ibid. I, 229 bhāryā parasaṃgatā (a wife, who holds illicit intercourse with another). — Then, such as are expressive of separation (82), Panc. I, 35 sevāvivarjitaḥ (abstaining from attendance), ibid. p. 1 putrā vivekarahitāḥ (sons, deprived of discernment), ibid. I, 189 saṃmānavihīnaḥ, cp. 198. — Further locatives + sthita, gata (cp. 197), jāta, utpanna etc., as R. 3, 31, 2 janasthānasthitā rākṣasāḥ (the râxasas, staying at Janasthāna), Panc. I, 128 sadaivāpadgato rājā bhogyo bhavati mantriṇām (when being in distress, a king is always the prey of his ministers), ibid. I, 104 mūṣikā gṛhajātāpi hantavyā, Kathâs. 42, 149 aṅghripatitaḥ (fallen at their feet). — Or the former member is a dative or loc. of purpose: Panc, I, 125 rājyalābhodhyato vṛtraḥ (Vrtra, striving for obtaining the royalty); an accusative: ibid, p 37 saṃjīvakānuraktaḥ (attached to S.); an abl. of origin: ibid. p. 2 kulaprasūtasya (of one born from a respectable family); a loc. of reference: ibid. I, 15 goṣṭhikakarmaniyuktaḥ. And so on.

6. As to the compound adjectives, they may generally be said to be comprised by the rules of Pâṇini, as their former part is a genitive or may be accepted as such. Among them are to be noticed yogya, anurūpa, ucita, samartha, those of skill and ability as vicakṣaṇa, abhijña, kovit, then such as sadṛśa, sama (cp. 216, III b.) Panc. 17 rājā bhṛtyānuttamapadayogyān hīnādhamasthāne niyojayati, ibid. 21 tasya ca śabdānurūpeṇa parākrameṇa bhāvyam (his strength will be in proportion to his voice), ibid. 27 bhavān vacanapaṭur dṛśyate, ibid. 13 katham ahaṃ sevānabhijñaḥ. Even indubitable dative-like genitives are compounded with the adjectives, which they qualify. Panc. p. 1 rājā tān śāstravimukhānālovya (as the king understood they were averse to the çâstras —). Panc. p. 1 affords even this instance of a tatpur., made up of a dat. of interest + subst., when calling some king sakalārthikalpadrumaḥ (v. a. a blessing for all the indigent).

7. Compounds made up of a genitive + agent in -tṛ, though explicitly interdicted by Pâṇini, are in fact met with. Panc. I, 2 namo ’stu nayaśāstrakartṛbhyaḥ, ibid. p. 7 tasya maṅgalavṛṣabhau dhūrvoṭhārau sthitau (two splendid bulls drew his chariot).

8. Finally we may set up a category apart for such tatpurushas, the former part of which is a noun-case, doing more or less duty of an adverb. Panc. 21 na yuktaṃ svāminaḥ pūrvopārjitaṃ vanaṃ tyaktum, here pūrvopārjita = pūrvam upārjita »acquired before,” Kathâs. 29, 82 vyājasapraṇayair vāvyair vañcyate (— is deceived by words falsely kind), Panc. 63 snehasaṃbhāṣaḥ (a friendly discourse), Mhbh. 1, 152, 34 sukhasuptānvane bhrātṝn… na bodhayiṣyāmi (I will not awake my brothers who are sleeping quietly in the forest), Kathâs. 42, 149 paryāyāliṅgitaḥ (embraced by turns). In all but the first of these examples the former part is an instrumentalis modi, used almost as an adverb (77). Cp. the following paragraph.

(*1)
It would be indeed an interesting subject-matter for investigation to compare on a large scale these statements of Pâṇini with the facts offered us by tee extant Sanskrit literature.

217. Pāṇiniの規則への補足

しかし、何らかの文献に実際に出てくるtatpuruṣaを体系化しようとすればすぐにわかるように、名詞-格＋名詞で構成されるこの可能な類のtatpuruṣaのリストは、完全ではない（*1）。その他のうち、Pāṇiniは、anyaおよびitaraと複合する比較のabl.、inst.＋充足を表す語、分詞的形容詞-uを伴うacc.、には言及していない。次に、さらに多くの、一般的に用いられる、前分が名詞-格の分詞は、必ずしもそうではないが、あったとしても、前述の規則によって暗示されていない。

1. 比較のabl.＋anya、とりわけ前分が代名詞であるもの。
Hit. 30 bhavadanyo mayā kaḥ suhṛtprāptavyaḥ Panc. I, 12 trade is said to be the best means for making money, tadanyaḥ [sc. upāyaḥ] saṃśayātmakaḥ (any other but this is dangerous)

2. 比較のabl.＋itara。—このような複合語は、何かを呼ぶ場合のエレガントな言い換えである：ここでは前分の反対のものが指示される：dakṣiṇetara＝savya（左）、sulabhetara upāyaḥ（難しい手段）。
Daç. 175 tayā navavadhvā dveṣam alpetaraṃ babandha (he bore his newly married wife a heavy grudge)

3. inst.＋充足を表す語。この種のものは-āṭhya、-pracura、-samākulaなど。
Panc. 319 ūrṇāpracuro ’yaṃ meṣaḥ
ibid. 7 siṃhavyāghrasamākule ’sminvane

4. acc.＋願望法から派生する形容詞-u。
Panc. 3 nāham arthalipsuḥ
M. 7, 197 yudhyeta jayaprepsurapetabhīḥ

5. 名詞-格＋分詞の例は、種類・頻度ともに多い。
・前分が付帯のinst.を表すもの：
Panc. I, 164 saṃmānasaṃyuktāḥ sevakāḥ
ibid. I, 229 bhāryā parasaṃgatā (a wife, who holds illicit intercourse with another)

・分離を表すinst.（82）、198と比較せよ：
Panc. I, 35 sevāvivarjitaḥ (abstaining from attendance)
ibid. p. 1 putrā vivekarahitāḥ (sons, deprived of discernment)
ibid. I, 189 saṃmānavihīnaḥ

・loc.＋sthita、gata（197）、jāta、utpanna etc.：
R. 3, 31, 2 janasthānasthitā rākṣasāḥ (the râxasas, staying at Janasthāna)
Panc. I, 128 sadaivāpadgato rājā bhogyo bhavati mantriṇām (when being in distress, a king is always the prey of his ministers)
ibid. I, 104 mūṣikā gṛhajātāpi hantavyā
Kathâs. 42, 149 aṅghripatitaḥ (fallen at their feet)

・前分が目的のdat.かloc.：
Panc, I, 125 rājyalābhodhyato vṛtraḥ (Vrtra, striving for obtaining the royalty)

・acc.：
ibid, p 37 saṃjīvakānuraktaḥ (attached to S.)

・起源のabl.：
ibid. p. 2 kulaprasūtasya (of one born from a respectable family)

・関係のloc.：
ibid. I, 15 goṣṭhikakarmaniyuktaḥ
など。

6. 複合形容詞について、これらの前分はgen.であるか、あるいはそのように解釈されうるので、通常Pāṇiniの規則に含まれていると言える。これらのうち留意すべきなのは以下：yogya、anurūpa、ucita、samartha；およびvicakṣaṇa、abhijña、kovitのような技術・能力を表すもの；sadṛśa、sama（216-III-b）。
Panc. 17 rājā bhṛtyānuttamapadayogyān hīnādhamasthāne niyojayati
ibid. 21 tasya ca śabdānurūpeṇa parākrameṇa bhāvyam (his strength will be in proportion to his voice)
ibid. 27 bhavān vacanapaṭur dṛśyate
ibid. 13 katham ahaṃ sevānabhijñaḥ

疑う余地のないdat.的gen.でも、それが修飾する形容詞と複合する。
Panc. p. 1 rājā tān śāstravimukhānālovya (as the king understood they were averse to the çâstras —)
Panc. p. 1 affords even this instance of a tatpur., made up of a dat. of interest + subst., when calling some king sakalārthikalpadrumaḥ (v. a. a blessing for all the indigent)

7. gen.＋行為者を表す-tṛは、Pāṇiniにより明確に禁止されているが、実際には用いられる。
Panc. I, 2 namo ’stu nayaśāstrakartṛbhyaḥ
ibid. p. 7 tasya maṅgalavṛṣabhau dhūrvoṭhārau sthitau (two splendid bulls drew his chariot)

8. 前分が名詞-格で、多少なりとも副詞のはたらきをするもの。
Panc. 21 na yuktaṃ svāminaḥ pūrvopārjitaṃ vanaṃ tyaktum, here pūrvopārjita = pūrvam upārjita »acquired before,”
Kathâs. 29, 82 vyājasapraṇayair vāvyair vañcyate (— is deceived by words falsely kind)
Panc. 63 snehasaṃbhāṣaḥ (a friendly discourse)
Mhbh. 1, 152, 34 sukhasuptānvane bhrātṝn… na bodhayiṣyāmi (I will not awake my brothers who are sleeping quietly in the forest)
Kathâs. 42, 149 paryāyāliṅgitaḥ (embraced by turns)

これらの例のうち最初のものを除いては、前分はほぼ副詞として用いられる方法のinst.（instrumentalis modi）である（77）。以下のパラグラフと比較せよ。

（*1）
このようなPāṇiniの記述を、現存するサンスクリット文献から与えられる事実と大規模に比較することは、興味深い調査対象となるであろう。