224.

Examples of bahuvrîhis. Type a.) Nala. 1, 5 tathaivāsīd vidarbheṣu bhīmo bhīmaparākramaḥ. R. 3, 16, 11 mṛdusūryāḥ paṭuśītāḥ… divasā bhānti sāṃpratam (now the days are appearing with a mild sun, m11ch fog and a sharp cold). Hit. 90 asau pāpāśayaḥ (he is of a wicked disposition). Panc. 150 tena [sc. kroḍena]… daṃṣṭrāgreṇa pāṭitodaraḥ pulindo gatāsurbhūtale ‘patat (the Pulinda fell down lifeless on the earth, having his belly split up by the edge of the teeth of the boar). Mâlav. I, p. 14 rājā / anuvācitalekham amātyaṃ vilobya (as the minister has finished his lecture of the letter, the king looks on him). Panc. 71 saṃdahyamānahṛdayaḥ svayam evābhyāgato vaktum (as it stung my mind, I myself am come to tell you of it).

Nothing impedes, of course, both the subject and the predicate being concordant substantives. Bhoj. 17 rājānaḥ kośabalā eva vijayino nānye (no other kings are successful in their wars but those, whose power is a treasury), Panc. 185 tatra vāyasarājo ’nekakākaparivāraḥ prativasati sva [the bahuvr. = yasyāneke kākāḥ parivāraḥ »whose attendance are many crows”], Daç, 82 aryavaryaḥ kuberadattanāmā (a great merchant, whose name is Kub.), R. 3, 19, 22 mānuṣau cīrakṛṣṇājināmbarau.

Rem. 1. In such bahuvrîhis, as have an adjective behind, that adjective does duty of a subst. So f. i. Çâk. I abhirūpabhūyiṣṭhā pariṣat (the assembly is for the greater part made up of distinguished people) here the bahuvr. = yasyā abhirūpā bhūyiṣṭhāḥ »most of which are abhirūpāḥ,” Mâlat. I, p. 2 uditabhūyiṣṭha eṣa bhagavāntapanaḥ »the sun has almost risen,” R. 2, 40, 17 sītātṛtīyān ārūḍhān dṛṣṭvā (— saw them mounted, having Sîtâ as the third), R. 3, 55, 15 sahasram ekaṃ mama kāryapuraḥsaram (thousand men whose main object [puruḥsaram] it is to carry out my orders).

Rem. 2. A proper kind of bahuvrîhis are such as asikara (having a sword in one’s hand), aśrukaṇṭha (sobbing, liter. »one having tears in his throat”) . In analyzing them, the latter part turns out a locative, for asikaraḥ = yasyāsiḥ kare sa and aśrukaṇaṭhaḥ = yasyāśrūṇi kaṇṭhe sa. For the rest, we have here no exception to the general rule on the arrangement of the two members of a bahuvrîhi. It is asi and aśru which are predicated, not kare nor kaṇṭhe, for the intention is to say not that Mr. so and so has a hand or a throat, but what it is, he keeps within (*1). R. 3, 51, 9 Sîtâ has the epithet bāṣpalocanā »having tears in her eyes.” Comp. Whitney § 1303.

Rem. 3. In some bahuvrîhis the order of the members is optional. {P. 2, 3, 37.}{P. 2, 2, 37.} One may say promiscuously āhitāgniḥ and agnyāhitaḥ (one who keeps the holy fires), jātaputraḥ or putrajātaḥ (one having children). Of the kind are dantajāta or jātadanta, see M. 5, 58 with Kull., guḍapriya and priyaguḍa (fond of sweetmeats) (*2), R. 2, 119, 5 munayaḥ kalaśodyatāḥ (hermits with uplifted pitchers). Participles in -ta must be put behind, if the predicate be a weapon, therefore asyudyataḥ (with uplifted sword), see vârtt. on P. 2, 2, 36.

Rem. 4. The type a.) of the bahuvrîhi in its outer form is often identical with a karmadhâraya, for the discrepancies in the accentuation are not heeded. In practice, one avoids to use as bahuvrîhis such compounds as are wont to be karmadhârayas, as sarvajana, maharṣi, kalarava, and inversely such as mahābāhu, bahuśruta, kṛtakārya will not have to be otherwise accepted than as bahuvrîhis (*3). Yet, it often is only the context which will enable the reader how to accept a given compound.

(*1)
Cp. vârtt. 4 of Pat. on P. 2, 2, 36.

(*2)
As to priya, Pat. vârtt. 2 on P. 2, 2, 85 teaches the option. But it seems better to explain guḍapriya as being a tatpursha, because 1st priya may be not only = »beloved,” but also = »loving,” see Petr. Dict. IV, p. 1161 s. v. 1 c), 2ly as Pâṇini somewhere else P. 6, 2, 15 sq. mentions some tatpurusha, in -prati. The same may apply to some of the participles in -ta, if not to all. Since pīta may sometimes have an active signification and sometimes a passive one, it is plain we are allowed to compound as well the tatpurusha kṣīrapītaḥ = lac potus, as the bahuvr. pītakṣīraḥ = lacte poto. Comp. what has been said p. 157 N. 2. [216-(*4)]
Panc. 283 affords a specimen of a kind of compounds, in which two types are confounded: kācic chṛgālikā māṃsapiṇḍagṛhītavadanā, here the author seems to have blended promiscuously two bahuvrîhis māṃsapiṇḍavadanā and gṛhītamāṃsapiṇḍā, either of which would have sufficed. Comp. Hariv. 5814 cakrodyakara.

(*3)
See Cappeller Vâmana’s Stilregeln: Kâvyasamaya 7 and 8.

224. 承前：a.)の例文

a.)
Nala. 1, 5 tathaivāsīd vidarbheṣu bhīmo bhīmaparākramaḥ
R. 3, 16, 11 mṛdusūryāḥ paṭuśītāḥ… divasā bhānti sāṃpratam (now the days are appearing with a mild sun, m11ch fog and a sharp cold)
Hit. 90 asau pāpāśayaḥ (he is of a wicked disposition)
Panc. 150 tena [sc. kroḍena]… daṃṣṭrāgreṇa pāṭitodaraḥ pulindo gatāsurbhūtale ‘patat (the Pulinda fell down lifeless on the earth, having his belly split up by the edge of the teeth of the boar)
Mâlav. I, p. 14 rājā / anuvācitalekham amātyaṃ vilobya (as the minister has finished his lecture of the letter, the king looks on him)
Panc. 71 saṃdahyamānahṛdayaḥ svayam evābhyāgato vaktum (as it stung my mind, I myself am come to tell you of it)

もちろん、主語と述語の両方が実名詞に一致することを妨げるものは何もない。
Bhoj. 17 rājānaḥ kośabalā eva vijayino nānye (no other kings are successful in their wars but those, whose power is a treasury)
Panc. 185 tatra vāyasarājo ’nekakākaparivāraḥ prativasati sva [bv. = yasyāneke kākāḥ parivāraḥ] »whose attendance are many crows”
Daç, 82 aryavaryaḥ kuberadattanāmā (a great merchant, whose name is Kub.)
R. 3, 19, 22 mānuṣau cīrakṛṣṇājināmbarau

【補足1】
形容詞が後ろに来るbahuvrīhiでは、その形容詞が実名詞のはたらきをする。
Çâk. I abhirūpabhūyiṣṭhā pariṣat (the assembly is for the greater part made up of distinguished people) here the bahuvr. = yasyā abhirūpā bhūyiṣṭhāḥ »most of which are abhirūpāḥ”
Mâlat. I, p. 2 uditabhūyiṣṭha eṣa bhagavāntapanaḥ »the sun has almost risen”
R. 2, 40, 17 sītātṛtīyān ārūḍhān dṛṣṭvā (— saw them mounted, having Sîtâ as the third)
R. 3, 55, 15 sahasram ekaṃ mama kāryapuraḥsaram (thousand men whose main object [puruḥsaram] it is to carry out my orders)

【補足2】
厳密なbahuvrīhiはasikara（その手に剣を持った）、aśrukaṇṭha（その喉に涙を持った＝すすり泣く）の類である。これらを分析すると、asikaraḥはyasyāsiḥ kare sa、aśrukaṇaṭhaḥはyasyāśrūṇi kaṇṭhe saとなる。その他、bahuvrīhiの2要素の順番に関する一般則への例外はない。〔それによって指示される人・物が〕手や喉を持っていることではなく、それが何であるかが意図されるので、述語なのはasiとaśruであってkareやkaṇṭheではない（*1）。
R. 3, 51, 9 Sîtâ has the epithet bāṣpalocanā »having tears in her eyes”

Whitney §1303を参照せよ。

【補足3】
一部のbahuvrīhiでは、要素の順番が選択的である。{P. 2, 2, 37} 乱雑にāhitāgniḥやagnyāhitaḥ（聖なる炎を守る者）、jātaputraḥやputrajātaḥ（子供を持つ者）などとできる。この類にはM. 5, 58 with Kull. dantajāta / jātadanta、guḍapriya / priyaguḍa（砂糖を好む）（*2）、R. 2, 119, 5 munayaḥ kalaśodyatāḥ（掲げられた水差しを持つ隠者）など。述語が武器を表す場合、分詞-taは後ろに置かれねばならない。よってasyudyataḥ（掲げられた剣を持つ）となる。vârtt. on P. 2, 2, 36をみよ。

【補足4】
a.)のbahuvrīhiは、その外形においては、アクセントの違いに注意が払われないために、しばしばkarmadhārayaと同じである。実際には、sarvajana、maharṣi、kalaravaのようなkarmadhārayaではない複合語をbahuvrīhiとして用いることは避けられ、逆にmahābāhu、bahuśruta、kṛtakāryaのような複合語はbahuvrīhiとして見なされる。

（*1）
vârtt. 4 of Pat. on P. 2, 2, 36をみよ。

（*2）
priyaについて、Pat. vârtt. 2 on P. 2, 2, 35は選択的なものであることを説いている。けれども、tatpuruṣaとしてのguḍapriyaと説明するのがベターと思われる。というのも、第1に、priyaは「愛しい」だけを意味するのではなく、「愛情のこもった」（etwas liebend）をも表す；Petr. Dict. IV, p. 1161の該当項1-c)をみよ。第2に、別の所（P. 6, 2, 15以下）でPāṇiniは-pratiのtatpuruṣaに言及しているからである。同じことが、全てではないにしても、分詞-taのものにも適用される。pītaは能動的な意味を持つこともあれば受動的な意味を持つこともあるので、tatpuruṣaのkṣīrapītaḥ（＝lac potus）をbahuvrīhiのpītakṣīraḥ（＝lacte poto）と同じように複合することが許されているのは明白である。216-注4と比較せよ。
Panc. 283は2つのタイプが混ざった類の複合語を提示する： kācic chṛgālikā māṃsapiṇḍagṛhītavadanā

ここでは、作者は、どちらかだけで十分なmāṃsapiṇḍavadanāとgṛhītamāṃsapiṇḍāの2つの複合語を乱雑に混合したらしい。Hariv. 5814 cakrodyakaraと比較せよ。

（*3）
Cappeller 1880, 7-8をみよ。