225*.

Type c.) Prabodh. V, p. 103 devī mām evamavasthaṃ na samāśvasayati (the queen does not comfort me, who am in such a state), Panc. I, 137 antaḥsāraiḥ… mantribhir dhāryate rājyam (a kingdom is upheld by pithy ministers), Kumâras. 3, 14 the gods bear the epithet uccairdviṣaḥ (whose adversaries are mighty). — Apart from the very common employment of a, su, duḥ as the predicate in bahuvrîhis, several particles and prepositions may be used so, as ut, niḥ, vi, ati, ava etc., as nīrasa (sapless), udañcaliḥ »one with folded hands,” Ragh. 2, 74 puram utpatākam (a flagged town), Daç. 137 udāyudhaḥ (with uplifted weapon), Harsha. 9 tarur vipallavaḥ (a leafless tree), Bhoj, 8 khaḍgam apakośaṃ kṛtvā jagāma.

Rem. Compounding with sa-, saha- and the like has the same power, as English -ful, similarly English -less is expressed by compounds, beginning with a-, niḥ-, vi-, vigata-, vīta- etc. (*1).

(*1)
Patañjali enumerates also different species of bahuvrîhis: a.) those, the members of which are samânâdhikaraṇa as citragu, b.) the former part of which is an avyaya, as nīcairmukha, c.) whose former part is a locative or something compared as kaṇṭhekāla, uṣṭramukha, d.) where it is a gen. generis or a gen. materiae as keśacūḍa (with one's hair tied up, liter. »[bearing] a knot of hair”), suvārṇālaṅkāra (wearing golden ornaments), e.) whose former part is one of the gaṇa prādayaḥ [P. 1, 4, 58] as praparṇa (unleaved), f.) negation + noun, as aputra. In the case of c.) an ellipsis is stated of a middle element, kaṇṭhekāla representing kaṇṭhesyaḥ kālo ’sya and uṣṭramukha being = uṣṭramukham iva mukhamasya. As to e.) and f.) Patañjali states the option between saying in full prapatitaparṇo and the abridgement praparṇo vṛkṣaḥ, likewise between avidyamānaputraḥ and aputraḥ. Cp. f. i. Daç. 35 udgatabāṣpalocanaṃ tamapṛccham with ibid. 176 sā… udbāṣpovāca; here the full udgata- locana and the short udbāṣpa are synonymous.

225*. c.)の例文

c.)
Prabodh. V, p. 103 devī mām evamavasthaṃ na samāśvasayati (the queen does not comfort me, who am in such a state)
Panc. I, 137 antaḥsāraiḥ… mantribhir dhāryate rājyam (a kingdom is upheld by pithy ministers)
Kumâras. 3, 14 the gods bear the epithet uccairdviṣaḥ (whose adversaries are mighty)

—bahuvrīhiの述語としてはa、su、duḥがごく一般に用いられるが、それ以外にはut, niḥ, vi, ati, avaなどのいくつかの不変化辞と前置詞がそのように用いられる：nīrasa（樹液のない）、udañcaliḥ（畳んだ腕を持つ者）。
Ragh. 2, 74 puram utpatākam (a flagged town)
Daç. 137 udāyudhaḥ (with uplifted weapon)
Harsha. 9 tarur vipallavaḥ (a leafless tree)
Bhoj, 8 khaḍgam apakośaṃ kṛtvā jagāma

【補足】
sa-やsaha-などを伴う複合語は、英語の”-ful”と同じ効果を持つ。同様に、”-less”はa-、niḥ-、vi-、vigata-、vīta-などで始まる複合語で表される（*1）。

（*1）
Patañjaliも異なる種類のbahuvrīhiを列挙する：
a.) その要素がsamānādhikaraṇaであるもの：citragu
b.) 前分がavyayaのもの：nīcairmukha
c.) 前分がloc.あるいは比較対象のもの：kaṇṭhekāla、uṣṭramukha
d.) 前分が起源のgen.か素材のgen.のもの：keśacūḍa（結わえた髪の）、suvārṇālaṅkāra（金の装飾を身に着けた）
e.) 前分がgaṇaのprādayaḥ（P. 1, 4, 58）のもの：praparṇa（葉の落ちた）
f.) 否定辞＋名詞：aputra

c.)の場合、kaṇṭhesyaḥ kālo ’syaがkaṇṭhekāla、uṣṭramukham iva mukhamasyaがuṣṭramukhaとなるなど、中間の要素が省略される。e.)とf.)については、Patañjaliは、 省略のないprapatitaparṇoと省略形のpraparṇo vṛkṣaḥの任意選択を記述している。avidyamānaputraḥとaputraḥも同様。Daç. 35 udgatabāṣpalocanaṃ tamapṛcchamとibid. 176 sā… udbāṣpovācaを比較せよ；ここで、省略のないudgata- locanaと短縮形のudbāṣpaは同義である。