230. Intricate compounds.

Any Sanskrit compound belongs to one of the great classes mentioned before. Now, as not only the members of a compound but even their constituent elements may he compounds themselves, hence arises an almost unlimited freedom of enlarging compounds by taking up into them all sorts of nouns or adverbs serving to qualify the whole of the compound or part of it. In this way, very large and very intricate compounds are available, and in fact they often occur, albeit that the field of combinations and images is in some degree limited by conventional usage and by the examples of the best authors. For the rest the frequency and the nature of those intricate and bulky compounds will much depend on the style of the literary work. It requires, therefore, a good deal of training to catch forthwith the purport of many an intricate compound.

A few instances will suffice. Kâdamb. I, p. 15 the king, it is said, saw a lady kupitaharahutāśanadahyamānamadanadhūmamalinīkṛtāmiva ratim »who was like Rati, stained by the smoke of Kâma burning by the fire of angry Çiva,” for when analyzing the complex, we get kupitasya harasya hutāśanena dahyamānasya madanasya yo dhūmo ’bhūt tena malinīkṛtām, apparently a tatpurusha, the former member of which is also a tatpurusha the former member of which is also a tatp. and so on. Now a bahuvrîhi. In the same Kâd. (p. 39) a forest araṇyam bears the epithet daśarathasutaniśitaśaranikaranipātanihatarajanīcarabalabahularudhirasiktamūlam (where the roots [of the trees] had been moistened by the abundant blood of the army of the Râxasas killed by the shots of the crowd of sharp arrows [discharged] by the son of Daçaratha), here mūlam is the subj. of the bahuvrîhi, the preceding complex being its predicate, an intricate tatpurusha, as it is thus to be analyzed daśarathasya sutasya niśitānāṃ śarāṇāṃ nikarasya nipātair yan nihataṃ rajanīcarāṇāṃ balaṃ tasya bahulena rudhireṇa siktam. This whole clause is comprehended within one compound. And so often.

230. 複雑な複合語

サンスクリットの複合語はすべて先述の大分類のどれかに属する。複合語の構成要素だけでなく、その構成要素自体も複合語でありうるために、複合語の全体または一部を修飾するためのあらゆる種類の名詞や副詞を複合語の中に取り込んで、複合語を無制限に自由に拡張することができる。このようにして長大で複雑な複合語が使用可能であり、組み合わせやイメージの領域は従来の使用法や模範的作者の用例によってある程度制限されているにもかかわらず、これは実際にはしばしば発生する。それらの複雑で扱いにくい複合語の頻度や性質は、文学作品の文体に大きく依存する。したがって、多くの複雑な複合語の趣旨をすぐに理解するには、かなりの修練が必要とされる。

数例で十分であろう。
Kâdamb. I, p. 15 the king, it is said, saw a lady kupitaharahutāśanadahyamānamadanadhūmamalinīkṛtāmiva ratim »who was like Rati, stained by the smoke of Kâma burning by the fire of angry Çiva”

分析すると、見たところはTp.で、前分もTp.、その前分も…（略）のkupitasya harasya hutāśanena dahyamānasya madanasya yo dhūmo ’bhūt tena malinīkṛtāmが得られる。bahuvrīhiは以下：
Kâd. (p. 39) a forest araṇyam bears the epithet daśarathasutaniśitaśaranikaranipātanihatarajanīcarabalabahularudhirasiktamūlam (where the roots [of the trees] had been moistened by the abundant blood of the army of the Râxasas killed by the shots of the crowd of sharp arrows [discharged] by the son of Daçaratha)

ここでmūlamはbahuvrīhiの主語、その前の複合語はその述語の複雑なTp.である。よって以下のように分析される：daśarathasya sutasya niśitānāṃ śarāṇāṃ nikarasya nipātair yan nihataṃ rajanīcarāṇāṃ balaṃ tasya bahulena rudhireṇa siktam。この節全体が一つの複合語に内包されている。