231. Case-nouns standing outside the compound, that to be construed with it.

Case-nouns standing outside the compound are very often to be construed with it or with one of its members. This is but consistent with the whole spirit, which pervades Sanskrit composition. A great liberty is left to the speaker to prefer either a rather synthetical or a rather analytical mode of expression. He has the opportunity of enlarging compounds by making enter within them any noun or adverb serving to qualify the whole or any part of it. But on the other hand nothing compels him to do so. The qualifying noun may as well be a self-existent word having its own noun-case. (*1) So Çâk. V himavato girer upatyakāraṇyavāsinaḥ (dwelling in the forests on the slope of mount Himavân), here himavato gireḥ stands outside the compound as to its form, but belongs to it by its meaning, as it qualifies the member upatyakā. Panc. 42 a weaver returns home to his wife, prāg eva karṇaparaṃparayā tasyāḥ śrutāpavādaḥ »having heard evil report on her account;” when using a mere analytical expression, the author of the Pancatantra would have said tasyā apavādaṃ śrutvā or śrute tasyā apavāde etc., when a mere synthetical one śrutatadapavādaḥ, but he has here availed himself of a mixed idiom. — Mâlav. V, p. 140 sagaraḥ pautreṇa pratyāhṛtāśvaḥ (S., who had the horse brought back by his grand-son); Kumâras. I, 37 etāvatā nanv anumeyaśobhi… [asyā] aṅkam, here etāvatā qualifies anumeya the former member of the compound; Mahâv. I, p. 6 prakṛtyā puṇyalakṣmīkau kāveta, here prakṛtyā also is intimately connected with the compound. These few examples will suffice, as the idiom is met with on almost every page of Sanskrit.

(*1)
I wonder, what reasons may have induced Whitney (§ 1316) to speak of this idiom as something irregular. On the contrary, nothing can be more regular.

231. 複合語に係る名詞-格

複合語の外にある名詞-格は頻繁に、その複合語か、あるいはその要素の一つに係る。これはサンスクリットの作文法に浸透している精神と全く調和している。合成的な表現法を好むか、分析的な表現法を好むかは、話者に大きな自由が委ねられている。話者は、複合語全体あるいはその一部分を修飾することに資する任意の名詞・副詞を挿入することで、複合語を拡張できる。しかし一方で、それは強制されない。 修飾する名詞は独自の名詞-格を持つ自立した単語である場合もある（*1）。
Çâk. V himavato girer upatyakāraṇyavāsinaḥ (dwelling in the forests on the slope of mount Himavân)

ここでhimavato gireḥは、その形式に関して複合語の外にあるが、これはupatyakāを修飾するので、意味としては複合語に属する。
Panc. 42 a weaver returns home to his wife, prāg eva karṇaparaṃparayā tasyāḥ śrutāpavādaḥ »having heard evil report on her account”

単に分析的表現を用いるなら、Pancatantraの作者はtasyā apavādaṃ śrutvāやśrute tasyā apavāde等と言っている。合成的表現を用いるならśrutatadapavādaḥとなるが、作者は〔両者が〕混合したイディオムを用いている。
Mâlav. V, p. 140 sagaraḥ pautreṇa pratyāhṛtāśvaḥ (S., who had the horse brought back by his grand-son)
Kumâras. I, 37 etāvatā nanv anumeyaśobhi… [asyā] aṅkam

ここでetāvatāは複合語の前分のanumeyaを修飾する。
Mahâv. I, p. 6 prakṛtyā puṇyalakṣmīkau kāveta

ここではprakṛtyāも複合語と複雑に接続されている。これらはサンスクリット文献の至る所で見られるので、数例で十分である。

（*1）
Whitney（§1316）がこのイディオムを不規則なものとして言及する理由は何であろうか？ むしろこれほど規則的なものはない。