249.

Degrees of comparison may be made from undeclinable words; then they end in -tarām and -tamām as uccaistarām (higher). Mâlav. II, p. 36 atitarām kāntam (exceedingly charming), cp. P. 1, 2, 35.

ramayatitarām and the like.

Such comparison is made also of forms, belonging to the finite verb. {P. 5, 3, 56.} Instances of comparatives, made from the 3d person of the present not rarely occur in literature. R. 2, 64, 72 hṛdayaṃ sīdatetarām (my spirits almlost lower). Prabodh. IV, p. 87 vināśo labdhasya vyathayatitarāṃ na tvanudayaḥ (to lose something gained before grieves more than having gained nothing at all). Vikram. V, p. 178 prabhavatitarāṃ…bhujaṅgaśiśor viṣam (even of an infant-snake the poison is rather strong). Ratn. III, p. 74 ramayatitarām — Kathâs. 102, 35 we meet -tarām put to a 3d person of the perfect: śraddadhetarām.

Instances of the superlative I do not recollect having met with, but they must be or have been not less allowed, as both degrees are equally taught by Pâṇini. (*1).

(*1)
Whitney § 473, al. 3 says that both compar. and superl. of verbal forms are »barbarous forms;” for what reason, I do not understand. Is it perhaps, because Kâlidâsa wrote barbarous Sanskrit, or because Pâṇini did not know well the idioms of his language?

249. 不変化辞から作られる比較級

比較級は不変化辞から作ることができる。よってそのとき、uccaistarām(より高い)のように-tarām-tamāmで終わる(P. 1, 2, 35をみよ)。
Mâlav. II, p. 36 atitarām kāntam (exceedingly charming)

定動詞から作られるもの

そのような比較変化が、定動詞に属する形からも作られる。{P. 5, 3, 56.} 現在形三人称(Pres.3rd.)から作られる比較級の例は、文学作品ではしばしば起こる。
R. 2, 64, 72 hṛdayaṃ sīdatetarām (my spirits almlost lower)
Prabodh. IV, p. 87 vināśo labdhasya vyathayatitarāṃ na tvanudayaḥ (to lose something gained before grieves more than having gained nothing at all)
Vikram. V, p. 178 prabhavatitarāṃ… bhujaṅgaśiśor viṣam (even of an infant-snake the poison is rather strong)
Ratn. III, p. 74 ramayatitarām
Kathâs. 102, 35 we meet -tarām put to a 3d person of the perfect: śraddadhetarām

〔不変化辞から作られる〕最上級の例について、用例を見た覚えはないけれども、どちらもPāṇiniによって説かれているから、許されないわけではないらしい(*1)

(*1)
Whitney §473-c は、動詞形の比較級と最上級はどちらも「標準でない形」(barbarous forms)であるという。いかなる理由によってかは私にはわからない。それはもしかすると、Kālidāsaが標準でないサンスクリットを書いたからなのか、あるいはPāṇiniが〔Kālidāsa〕その人の言語における語法をよく知らなかったから、であろうか?