260.

By pointing out bhavān as the proper term for addressing in a polite manner, it is by no means said it is the sole. Many other titles, such as signify sir, lord, reverend, master are used according to duty, custom, dignity, age. So holy men are duly addressed by bhagavān f. bhagavatī, kings by devaḥ, respectable merchants and the like by āryaḥ, matrons by āryā, the wife duly addresses her husband by āryaputraḥ, the charioteer his prince by āyuṣmān etc. As a rule a greater respect is shown by such titles than by using the general term bhavān (vocat. bhoḥ). Another difference is this: they may as well denote the 3rd person as the 2nd, whereas bhavān is only fit for denoting the 2nd person.

Moreover there are some general terms, made up of bhavān preceded by some pronominal prefix, viz. atrabhavān, tatrabhavān, sabhavān. As sabhavān and tatrabhavān point at somebody absent, but the atrabhavān always present, so the former two cannot refer but to a 3rd person, but atrabhavān may denote as well the person spoken of as the person addressed. Utt. I, p. 1 the director thus addresses the spectators adya khalu… āryamiśrān vijñāpayāmi / evam atrabhavanto vidām kurvantu, but Çâk. VII Dushyanta when speaking of Çakuntalâ says aye seyam atrabhavatī śakuntalā.

260. 呼びかけのbhavānについて

bhavānを丁寧な呼びかけに適した語であると言うに、それが唯一のものであるわけでは決してない。sir, lord, reverend, masterのような種々の敬称は、慣例・〔指示される人の〕職務・位・年齢に従って用いられる。よって、聖職者はbhagavān（f. bhagavatī）、王はdevaḥ、徳の高い商人などはāryaḥ、夫人はāryā、妻から夫はāryaputraḥ、戦車の御者から王子はāyuṣmān、…で呼ぶのが正式である。原則として、bhavān（voc. bhoḥ）という一般的な言い方よりは、このような敬称で大いなる尊敬が表される。他には、これらの敬称は二人称と三人称をどちらも表しうるが、一方でbhavānは二人称をのみ表すということが異なる。

さらに、atrabhavān、tatrabhavān、sabhavānなど、代名詞的副詞をbhavānの接頭辞として作られる一般的な言い方がある。sabhavānとtatrabhavānはそこにいない人を指すが、atrabhavānはそこにいる人を指す。よって前の2つは第三者にしか言及できないが、atrabhavānは話しかけられている人と同じようにして話者を表す。
Utt. I, p. 1 the director thus addresses the spectators: adya khalu… āryamiśrān vijñāpayāmi / evam atrabhavanto vidām kurvantu
Çâk. VII Dushyanta when speaking of Çakuntalâ says aye seyam atrabhavatī śakuntalā