263. Reflexes.

The reflexive pronouns sva and ātman refer to all persons. — 1. ātmā, acc. ātmānam, instr. ātmanā etc. is the proper equivalent of English myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, one’s self; ourselves, yourselves, themselves. It is always a masculine and a singular, even when referring to a plural or a not-masculine. Properly it is a subst. meaning »soul, spirit, individuality” and in this meaning it has always remained in common use. But even when pronoun, its origin is more or less perceptible. Occasionally it may be rendered as well by a pronoun as by a subst. (*1).

2. sva generally — though not always — does duty of a possessive; it does denote the subject being possessor and may be rendered, according to sense, by my, your, his, her, our, their. Often it is compounded with its noun.

(*1)
Compare the similar use though less developed of Latin animus, ātmānaṃ vinodayāmi = animum oblecto. Panc. 160 mayātmā pradatto ‘yam (I have given him my heart = myself).

263. 再帰代名詞

再帰代名詞svaātmāはすべての人称を指す。

1. ātmā(acc. ātmānam, inst. ātmanā etc.)は、英語のmyself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、one’s self;ourselves、yourselves、themselvesと等しい。m.でない場合やpl.の場合であっても、常にm.sg.である。正しくは「魂、霊魂、個我」という実名詞的な意味であり、常にこの意味で一般的に使われてきた。けれども、代名詞の場合であっても、その起源は多少なりともわかる。時には、実名詞ātmāと同じようにして代名詞ātmāで表現されることがある(*1)

2. svaはふつう―常にではないが―所有代名詞の役割をする;主語が所有者であることを表し、その意味からしてmy、your、his、her、our、theirで翻訳されうる。しばしば名詞と合成される。

(*1)
あまり発達していないものの、ラテン語のanimusと比較せよ;ātmānaṃ vinodayāmi=animum oblecto
Panc. 160 mayātmā pradatto ‘yam (I have given him my heart = myself)