264.

Examples of ātman, when a refl. pronoun. —

a) 3rd person: Panc. 263 sarpas tenātmanā (he himself brought the serpent to his dwelling); Var. Yog. 1, 19 śatror vadhāya sacivaṃ śubhadaivayuktaṃ / ājñāpayen nṛpatir ātmani daivahīne (if the king be himself not favoured by Destiny, he should charge his minister, who is, to destroy his enemy); Mâlat. II, p. 38 vāsavadattā rājñe saṃsayāya pitrā prattam ātmānam udayanāya prāyacchat (Vâsav., though betrothed by her father to king Sanj., gave herself to Udayana); R. 2, 64, 29 tau putram ātmanaḥ spṛṣṭvā tapasvinau (both of them touched [the body of] their son); Panc. 184 punarjātam ivātmānaṃ manyamānāḥ (they…feeling themselves as if they were born again); —

b) 1st and 2nd person: Hit. 107 ātmanaḥ kim utkarṣaṃ na sādhayāmi (why should I not elevate my own rank ?), Çâk. I puṇyāśram adarśanena tāvad ātmānaṃ panīmahe (in the meanwhile, let us purify ourselves-), Çâk. IV bhartām ātmasadṛśaṃ sukṛtair gatā tvam (by your good actions you ha,e got a husband becoming to yourself); —

c) referring to a general subject: Panc. III, 174 yaḥ karoti naraḥ pāpaṃ na tasyātmā dhruvaṃ priyaḥ (who does evil, certainly does not love himself).

As appears from the instances quoted, the gen. ātmanaḥ or ātma- in compounds are used to denote the reflexive possessive. There exists even a possessive ātmīya, as Kâd. I, 19 tad ayam ātmīya kriyatām (take him [the parrot] as yours).

Rem. 1. It is plain, that sva ātmā is said in the same meaning as ātmā. R. 2, 6, 21 rājā] jñātvā vṛddhaṃ svamātmānaṃ rāmaṃ rājye ‘bhiṣekṣyati.

Rem. 2. The instrum. ātmanā when added to the reflexive lays stress on the fact, that the subject is acting by himself. Mhbh. 1, 158, 30 tārayātmānam ātmanā (help yourself); Panc. 276 na śaknomy ātmānam apy ātmanā voḍhum (I cannot bear my own self); R. 3, 47, 1 sītā] śaśaṃ sātmānam ātmanā (Sîtâ named herself [to her guest]) (*1).

(*1)
ātmanā may even stand alone. Kathâs. 25, 133 gacchāmy aham ātmanā (I will go [by] myself); Kumâras. 2, 54.

264. 用例：再帰代名詞のātman

再帰代名詞のātmanの用例：

a.) 三人称：
Panc. 263 sarpas tenātmanā (he himself brought the serpent to his dwelling)
Var. Yog. 1, 19 śatror vadhāya sacivaṃ śubhadaivayuktaṃ / ājñāpayen nṛpatir ātmani daivahīne (if the king be himself not favoured by Destiny, he should charge his minister, who is, to destroy his enemy)
Mâlat. II, p. 38 vāsavadattā rājñe saṃsayāya pitrā prattam ātmānam udayanāya prāyacchat (Vâsav., though betrothed by her father to king Sanj., gave herself to Udayana)
R. 2, 64, 29 tau putram ātmanaḥ spṛṣṭvā tapasvinau (both of them touched [the body of] their son)
Panc. 184 punarjātam ivātmānaṃ manyamānāḥ (they…feeling themselves as if they were born again)

b.) 一人称・二人称：
Hit. 107 ātmanaḥ kim utkarṣaṃ na sādhayāmi (why should I not elevate my own rank ?)
Çâk. I puṇyāśram adarśanena tāvad ātmānaṃ panīmahe (in the meanwhile, let us purify ourselves-)
Çâk. IV bhartām ātmasadṛśaṃ sukṛtair gatā tvam (by your good actions you ha,e got a husband becoming to yourself)

c.) 一般的な主題を指すもの：
Panc. III, 174 yaḥ karoti naraḥ pāpaṃ na tasyātmā dhruvaṃ priyaḥ (who does evil, certainly does not love himself)

用例からも分かるように、gen.のātmanaḥや複合語ātma-は再帰的な所有格を表すために用いられる。Kâd. I, 19 tad ayam ātmīya kriyatām (take him [the parrot] as yours)のように、所有代名詞ātmīyaも存在する。

【補足1】
sva ātmāがātmāと同じ意味で用いられているのは明らかである。
R. 2, 6, 21 rājā] jñātvā vṛddhaṃ svamātmānaṃ rāmaṃ rājye ‘bhiṣekṣyati

【補足2】
再帰代名詞に付け加えられた場合のinst.のātmanāは、主語の指す人が自身で行動しているという事実を強調する。
Mhbh. 1, 158, 30 tārayātmānam ātmanā (help yourself)
Panc. 276 na śaknomy ātmānam apy ātmanā voḍhum (I cannot bear my own self)
R. 3, 47, 1 sītā] śaśaṃ sātmānam ātmanā (Sîtâ named herself [to her guest]) （*1）

（*1）
ātmanā単体でも用いられうる。
Kathâs. 25, 133 gacchāmy aham ātmanā (I will go [by] myself)
Kumâras. 2, 54.