265.

Examples of sva. — a) 3rd person: Nala. 3, 13 ākṣipantī… prabhāṃ śaśinaḥ svena tejasā (scorning as if it were at the moon’s splendour by her own brightness); Panc. 230 athāsau pratyūṣa utthāya svagṛhān nirgataḥ (then at daybreak be rose and went out of his house), Çâk. I etās tapasvikanyakāḥ svapramāṇānurūpaiḥ secanaghaṭaiḥ etc. (these girls of the hermitage, with watering-pots as to suit their size); —

b) 1st and 2nd person: Panc. III, 177 dehaṃ svaṃ… śoṣayiṣyāmy aham (I will dry up my body); Hit. 137 asmākaṃ parabhūniṣṭhānāṃ svadeśagamanam api durlabhaṃ bhaviṣyati (when residing abroad it will be hard for us to go to our own country); Çâk. VI tvam api svaṃ niyogam aśūnyaṃ kuru (and you, do your duty without fault); Vikram. I, p. 2 sveṣu sthāneṣv avahitair bhavitavyaṃ (you are requested to listen with attention on your seats).

Yet sva is not necessarily a possessive. It may also be equivalent to ātmā. Hit. 109 svasya rājānaṃ praṇatavān = ātmano rā-; Panc. 305 nāsmai svopārjitaṃ dāsyāmi (I will not give him, what I have earned myself), here svopārjitam = svenopā- = ātmanopā-; Schol. on R. 2, 40, 39 rāmo mātaraṃ rājānaṃ ca svamanugatau dadarśa (R. saw his mother and the king following after himself). This idiom is less frequent in classic literature than in commentaries and the like (*1). Note svīya »by one’s self” f. i. Kathâs. 34, 56; 37, 49.

As sva may be = ātmā, it has also a possessive; viz. svīya. Panc. 162 svīya pi tṛmātarau.

Rem. 1. svaka, poss. svakīya, is a deminutive of sva and svīya as to its form, but there is scarcely any difference of meaning. Nala. 5, 40 uṣya tatra yathākāmaṃ naiṣadhaḥ…jagāma nagaraṃ svakam, Panc. 283 svakīyāmeva yoniṃ bahumanyase (it is but your own kin you take regard of).

Rem. 2. Like Latin suus, sva also signifies »one’s relations,” »one’s property,” (*2) therefore, svajanaḥ »one’s kindred, one’s family, attendance,” svam »one’s goods,” sarvasvam ,one’s whole property.

(*1)
As it is good Sanskrit, it makes doubtful how to explain sva- in such compounds as svagṛham, svadharmaḥ, whether = svasya gṛham or = svaṃ gṛham.

(*2)
Çâçvatakoça ed. Zachariae, vs. 187 svaśabdo vadati jñātim ātmātmīyadhnāni ca.

265. 用例：sva

a.) 三人称：
Nala. 3, 13 ākṣipantī… prabhāṃ śaśinaḥ svena tejasā (scorning as if it were at the moon’s splendour by her own brightness)
Panc. 230 athāsau pratyūṣa utthāya svagṛhān nirgataḥ (then at daybreak be rose and went out of his house)
Çâk. I etās tapasvikanyakāḥ svapramāṇānurūpaiḥ secanaghaṭaiḥ etc. (these girls of the hermitage, with watering-pots as to suit their size)

b.) 一人称・二人称
Panc. III, 177 dehaṃ svaṃ… śoṣayiṣyāmy aham (I will dry up my body)
Hit. 137 asmākaṃ parabhūniṣṭhānāṃ svadeśagamanam api durlabhaṃ bhaviṣyati (when residing abroad it will be hard for us to go to our own country)
Çâk. VI tvam api svaṃ niyogam aśūnyaṃ kuru (and you, do your duty without fault)
Vikram. I, p. 2 sveṣu sthāneṣv avahitair bhavitavyaṃ (you are requested to listen with attention on your seats)

けれども、svaは必ずしも所有代名詞ではない。ātmāとも同じでありうる。
Hit. 109 svasya rājānaṃ praṇatavān = ātmano rā-
Panc. 305 nāsmai svopārjitaṃ dāsyāmi (I will not give him, what I have earned myself)（svopārjitam = svenopā- = ātmanopā-）
Schol. on R. 2, 40, 39 rāmo mātaraṃ rājānaṃ ca svamanugatau dadarśa (R. saw his mother and the king following after himself)

このイディオムは、古典文学よりもその注釈類などに多い（*1）。svīya（その者自らによって）に注意せよ；f. i. Kathâs. 34, 56; 37, 49.

svaがātmāと等しい意味を持つ場合、所有格をも持っている。
Panc. 162 svīyapi tṛmātarau

【補足1】
svaka（所有格：svakīya）はsva（所有格：svīya）の指小辞（diminutive）であるが、意味の違いはほとんどない。
Nala. 5, 40 uṣya tatra yathākāmaṃ naiṣadhaḥ… jagāma nagaraṃ svakam
Panc. 283 svakīyāmeva yoniṃ bahumanyase (it is but your own kin you take regard of)

【補足2】
ラテン語のsuusのように、svaは「～の縁故」（relation）「～の財産」（property）をも表す。よってsvajanaḥは「～の親族・家族・随伴者」、svamは「～の物」、sarvasvamは「～の全財産」となる。

（*1）
これはちゃんとしたサンスクリットであるが、svagṛhamやsvadharmaḥのような複合語のsva-が、svasya gṛhamなのか、あるいはsvaṃ gṛhamであるのか、をどのように説明するかが疑問になる。

（*2）
Zachariae 1897, vs. 187 svaśabdo vadati jñātim ātmātmīyadhnāni ca