270. Demonstratives: general remarks.

In ancient language the demonstratives are often indicating the things they are to point at in a more significant manner than in modern tongues. For this reason, when translating from the Sanskrit, it is many times indispensable to render demonstrative pronouns otherwise, f. i. by the pronoun he, she, it, by the, by adverbs (here, there), sometimes even by putting instead of them the very noun, they are referring to. In the same way, indeed, the demonstratives of Latin and Greek must be translated.

We will dispense here with adducing instances exemplifying each of the somewhat freer translations, as have been named. It will suffice giving a few samples of Sanskrit demonstr. pronouns to be rendered by English adverbs. Panc. 204 bho bho kapiñcala eṣa nadītīre tapasvī dharmavādī tiṣṭhati (say, woodcock, here on the riverside a holy devotee stands); Vikr. I, p. 15 the king says to his charioteer sūta idaṃ tac chailaśikharam (— here is that mountain-top); Çâk. IV Kaṇva asks »where are Çârngarava and Çâradvata,” they answer bhagavannimī svaḥ (Reverend, here we are). From the Vaidik writings I add Ath. V. 1, 29, 5 udasau sūryā agādud idaṃ māmakaṃ vacaḥ (there the sun has risen and here bas my spell).

270. 指示詞概説

古語では、指示詞（demonstrative）は、現代の諸言語に比べてより重要な仕方で、指示すべきものを表す。このため、サンスクリットから翻訳する際には、指示代名詞を別の語で何度も翻訳することが不可欠である。例えば、代名詞he、she、it、冠詞the、副詞hereやthere、時には指示詞が指すところの名詞を代わりに置くなど。実際、同様にラテン語とギリシャ語の指示詞は訳されねばならない。

ここでは名前が挙げられているような、やや自由な翻訳を例示する例を紹介するのは割愛する。英語の副詞で翻訳されるサンスクリット語の指示代名詞の例をいくつか挙げれば十分だろう。
Panc. 204 bho bho kapiñcala eṣa nadītīre tapasvī dharmavādī tiṣṭhati (say, woodcock, here on the riverside a holy devotee stands)
Vikr. I, p. 15 the king says to his charioteer sūta idaṃ tacchailaśikharam (— here is that mountain-top)
Çâk. IV Kaṇva asks »where are Çârngarava and Çâradvata,’’ they answer bhagavannimī svaḥ (Reverend, here we are)

ヴェーダ語では：
Ath. V. 1, 29, 5 udasau sūryā agādud idaṃ māmakaṃ vacaḥ (there the sun has risen and here bas my spell)