279.

Some other observations on the demonstratives. —

Demonstratives, when first members of compounds.

1. In compounds, tat and etat are considered as the themes, which represent sa and eṣa; likewise mat, tvat, asmat, yuṣmat (*1) are respectively the thematic shapes of aham, tvam, vayam, yūyam. — ayam and asau are seldom used in compounds, if they are, the neuter (idam, adaḥ) is employed. But, as a rule, etat and tat are substituted for them. In other terms: in compounds, etat has the meaning of Lat. hic and tat that of Lat. is or ille. Mṛcch. I, p. 3 the director informs the public yadidaṃ vayaṃ mṛcchakaṭikaṃ nāma prakaraṇaṃ prayoktuṃ vyavasitāḥ… etatkaviḥ etc., while speaking of the poet of the piece he has named. Kathâs. 64, 25 avāryata pānthena tadvadhāt (he was prevented from injuring them by a passer-by), here tadvadhāt refers to amībhiḥ… lomaśaiḥ [sc. tāpasaiḥ] in vs. 24.

Idiom: is pavor = ejus rei pavor.

2. The idiom, represented by Latin is pavor = ejus rei pavor (*2) is not unknown in Sanskrit. Mhbh. 1, 6, 11 Agni says bibheti ko na śāpānme kasya cāyaṃ vyatikramaḥ, here ayaṃ vyatikramaḥ = asya [śāpasya] vyati- (who is not afraid of my curse, who has an escape from it ?). Panc. 158 a boy has been turned out of doors by his father gṛhān niḥsāritaḥ. The author proceeds sa ca tena nirvedena deśāntaraṃ gatvā, apparently tena nirvedena is here = tasya [niḥsāraṇasya] nirvedena »by despair caused by this expulsion”. Cp. Kumâras. 3, 17, Kathâs. 1, 39.

asau in formulae.

3. In formulae one uses asau as significative of the proper name of him, whom the formula is to be applied to. When employing them, the proper name is substituted for it. See f. i. Pâr. Grhy. 1, 18, 3 asau jīva śaradaḥ śatam. Âçv. Grhy. 1, 20, 5.

neuters of demonstratives, used as adverbs.

4. In the archaic dialect, especially in the liturgical books, the acc. of the neuter singular of demonstratives is often used adverbially. Ait. Br. 1, 9, 6 sarvair vai chandobhir iṣṭvā devāḥ svargaṃ lokam ajayaṃs tathaivaitad yajamānaḥ… svargaṃ lokaṃ jayati, here etat means »in this case.” Cp. ibid. 1, 4, 2; 1, 15, 4, Ch. Up. 4, 2, 1 tadu = „then,” etc. etc. The classic language has retained adverbial functions of tat and yat, see 444 and 483.

(*1)
By this orthography here and elsewhere I follow the rules of Sanskrit euphony; etymological reasons would rather require to write tad, etad etc.

(*2)
See f. i. Livy 21, 46, 7 Numidae ab tergo se ostenderunt. Is pavor perculit Romanos. Cp. Virg. Aen. 1, 261, Nepos Lys. 3, 1.

280. その他の所見

指示代名詞についてのその他の所見：

複合語の前分にある場合の指示代名詞

1. 複合語において、tatとetatはsaとeṣaを意味する主題とみなされる。同様に、mat・tvat・asmat・yuṣmat（*1）はそれぞれaham・tvam・vayam・yūyamの主題を表す形態である。ayamとasauは複合語ではめったに用いられず、もし使われる場合はn.（idam, adaḥ）が使用される。けれども、原則として、etatとtatがそれらに替わる。他の言い方だと、複合語中のetatはラテン語におけるhicの、tatは同じくilleの意味を持つ。
Mṛcch. I, p. 3 the director informs the public yadidaṃ vayaṃ mṛcchakaṭikaṃ nāma prakaraṇaṃ prayoktuṃ vyavasitāḥ… etatkaviḥ etc., while speaking of the poet of the piece he has named.
Kathâs. 64, 25 avāryata pānthena tadvadhāt (he was prevented from injuring them by a passer-by), here tadvadhāt refers to amībhiḥ… lomaśaiḥ [sc. tāpasaiḥ] in vs. 24

is pavor = ejus rei pavor的語法

2. ラテン語の"is pavor" = "ejus rei pavor"（*2）に代表される語法（*訳注）がサンスクリットにおいても見られる。
Mhbh. 1, 6, 11 Agni says bibheti ko na śāpān me kasya cāyaṃ vyatikramaḥ (ayaṃ vyatikramaḥ = asya [śāpasya] vyati-) (who is not afraid of my curse, who has an escape from it ?)
Panc. 158 a boy has been turned out of doors by his father gṛhān niḥsāritaḥ. The author proceeds sa ca tena nirvedena deśāntaraṃ gatvā, apparently tena nirvedena is here = tasya [niḥsāraṇasya] nirvedena »by despair caused by this expulsion”
Cp. Kumâras. 3, 17, Kathâs. 1, 39.

決り文句のasau

3. 決り文句（formulae）では、その決り文句の適用される者の固有名詞を指示するものとして〔asauは〕用いられる。それらが用いられるときは、固有名詞がそ〔のasau〕を置き換える。Pâr. Grhy. 1, 18, 3 asau jīva śaradaḥ śatam, Âçv. Grhy. 1, 20, 5を参照せよ。

副詞として用いられる指示代名詞のn.

4. 古い方言、特に祭儀書（ブラーフマナ文献）においては、指示代名詞のn.sg.acc.がしばしば副詞的に用いられる。
Ait. Br. 1, 9, 6 sarvair vai chandobhir iṣṭvā devāḥ svargaṃ lokam ajayaṃs tathaivaitad yajamānaḥ… svargaṃ lokaṃ jayati

ここでetatは「この場合」という意味である。ibid. 1, 4, 2; 1, 15, 4, Ch. Up. 4, 2, 1 tadu（＝その時）等も参照せよ。古典語（＝古典サンスクリット）はtatとyatの副詞的機能を残している。444と483をみよ。

（*1）
この〔代名詞の〕正書法に関して、そこかしこで私はサンスクリットの音便（sandhi）〔により語尾が変化した形（＝mad, tvad…）〕に従っている。語源学的にはむしろtadやetadと書く必要がある。

（*2）
以下を参照せよ。
Livy 21, 46, 7 Numidae ab tergo se ostenderunt. Is pavor perculit Romanos. Cp. Virg. Aen. 1, 261, Nepos Lys. 3, 1.

（*訳注）
代名詞のgen.＋それが係る名詞のnom.が代名詞のnom.＋それが係る名詞のnom.で代替される形式。

・ejus rei pavor
代名詞に付される場合、resはその代名詞を強調する。よって実質gen.＋nom.。