287. How generalized.

The relative pronoun may be generalized in various ways: a) by putting ya twice, then yo yaḥ = „whosoever,” and it requires sa sa in the apodosis; b) by adding to it one of the indefinite pronouns so as to make up the combination yaḥ kaścit, yaḥ kaścana or yaḥ ko ’pi; c) by putting together ya and sa in the same case, gender and number, yaḥ saḥ = „whosoever it may be, any.” For the rest, cp. 453.

Examples of a). Nala. 5, 11 is quoted 276; Bhojapr. 36 yaṃyaṃ nṛpo ‘nurāgeṇa saṃmānayati saṃsadi / tasya tasyotsāraṇāya yatante rājavallabhāḥ (the king’s favourites always plot to the ruin of whomsoever the king loves and honours in his court).

b.) Mudr. IV, p. 158 yaḥ kaścin māṃ draṣṭum icchati sa tvayā praveśayitavyaḥ (whosoever it may be, that wishes to see me, you most admit him), Nala 4, 2 ahaṃ caiva yaccānyanmamāsti kiñcana (myself and whatsoever belongs to me). This idiom is used so as to be synonymous with the simple indefinite pronoun, as Hitop. 10 suvarṇakaṅkaṇaṃ yasmai kasmaicid dātum icchāmi (I desire to give the golden bracelet to whomsoever); Schol. on R. 3, 10, 19 yasmai kasmā api pratijñāṃ pratijñāya na jahyām(*1).

Rem. The archaic dialect used also yaḥ kaśca = yaḥ kaścit. So f. i Ch. Up. s, 15, 4 prāṇo vā idaṃ bhūtaṃ yad idaṃ kiṃ ca (prâṇa means all whatever exists here), Ait. Br. 2, 6, 5 yasyai kasyai ca devatāyai paśur ālabhyate saiva medhapatir iti. It occurs also sometimes in epic poetry. So Hit. 20 the verse yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi kartavyāni śatāni ca proves by its very language to be borrowed from some ancient epic poet.

c.) Kathâs. 27, 208 itthaṃ kriyāsu nivasanty api yāsu tāsu / puṃsāṃ śriyaḥ prabalasattvabahiṣkṛtāsu (in this way fortune dwells in any action, done by men, when carried out with vigorous energy).

(*1)
yaḥ ko ’pi seems to occur much less than the other combinations. The Petr. Dict. gives no instance of it, Anandoram Borooah does not mention it.

287. 総称的関係代名詞

関係代名詞は種々の方法で総称化（generalize）されうる：
a. yaを2度繰り返す。その場合yo yaḥ（～である者は誰であれ, whosoever）となり、結句にはsa saを必要とする。
b. 不定代名詞を付加し、yaḥ kaścit、yaḥ kaścana、yaḥ ko ’piの組み合わせを作る。
c. yaとsaを同じ性・数・格で置く。yaḥ saḥは「それが誰であれ」（whosoever it may be, any）となる。
その他に関しては453をみよ。

例文：
a.
Nala. 5, 11（276で引用済）
Bhojapr. 36 yaṃyaṃ nṛpo ‘nurāgeṇa saṃmānayati saṃsadi / tasya tasyotsāraṇāya yatante rājavallabhāḥ (the king’s favourites always plot to the ruin of whomsoever the king loves and honours in his court)

b.
Mudr. IV, p. 158 yaḥ kaścin māṃ draṣṭum icchati sa tvayā praveśayitavyaḥ (whosoever it may be, that wishes to see me, you most admit him)
Nala. 4, 2 ahaṃ caiva yaccānyanmamāsti kiñcana (myself and whatsoever belongs to me)

この語法は単純な不定代名詞の同義語として扱われる：
Hitop. 10 suvarṇakaṅkaṇaṃ yasmai kasmaicid dātum icchāmi (I desire to give the golden bracelet to whomsoever)
Schol. on R. 3, 10, 19 yasmai kasmā api pratijñāṃ pratijñāya na jahyām （*1）

【補足】
古語ではyaḥ kaścaもyaḥ kaścitと同じように用いられる。
Ch. Up. s, 15, 4 prāṇo vā idaṃ bhūtaṃ yad idaṃ kiṃca (prâṇa means all whatever exists here)
Ait. Br. 2, 6, 5 yasyai kasyai ca devatāyai paśur ālabhyate saiva medhapatir iti

叙事詩においても時折見られる。例えばHit. 20の偈：yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi kartavyāni śatāni ca（*訳注）では、まさにその言葉によって、これが更に古い叙事詩の詩人から借用されたことを証明している。

c.
Kathâs. 27, 208 itthaṃ kriyāsu nivasanty api yāsu tāsu / puṃsāṃ śriyaḥ prabalasattvabahiṣkṛtāsu (in this way fortune dwells in any action, done by men, when carried out with vigorous energy)

（*1）
yaḥ ko ’piは他の組み合わせに比べてあまり見られない。Sanskrit Wörterbuchに例文はなく、Higher Sanskrit Grammarはこれに関して述べていない。

（*訳注）
偈頌の通し番号では53。諸刊本のページ数にも合わない。ナンバーは写本？