299. Nouns of number, being members of compounds.

Cardinals may often be the latter members of compounds, see 294 and 296.

When former members, they may make up with their latter members the so-called dvigus. This term is applied to two different kinds of compounds, viz. 1. the collective compounds, made up of a cardinal + a noun subst., and employed in a collective sense; they must be of the neuter gender, as catuṣpatham (juncture of four roads), but themes in -a may be feminines in -ī as well as neuters in -am, as trilokam or trilokī (the three worlds) {P. 2, 1, 23.}; 2. compound adjectives, which rank with the bahuvrîhis, but the notion inherent to which is not that of „possession,” but some other. So the word dvigu itself, meaning „bought for [having the value of] two cows.” {P. 2, 1, 52.} Ait. Br. 1, 1, 6 ekādaśakapālaḥ puroḍāśaḥ (a cake dressed on eight eleven plates).

Beside this special use, the cardinals may be parts of the general tatpurushas and bahuvrîhis, especially the latter. Such bahuvrîhis as daśāsyaḥ (having ten faces), viṃśatibāhuḥ (with twenty arms), are, in practice, by far more frequent than the adjectival dvigus. Yâjñ. 2, 125 catustridvyekabhāgāḥ syurvarṇaśo brāhmaṇātmajāḥ (the sons of a brahman own according to the caste [of their mother] four, three, two and one portions), Pat. I, p. 62 tripado ’yam bahuvrīhiḥ (this bahuvrîhi is of three elements).

299. 複合語の要素となる場合の数詞

基数詞は複合語の最後の要素になりうる。294と296を参照せよ。

複合語の語頭に置かれる場合、後ろの語をdvigu（数詞限定複合語）とする。この用語は2種の異なる複合語に適用される。すなわち：
1. 基数詞＋実名詞からなり、集合の意味を表す、集合的複合語。catuṣpatham（四つ辻）のようにn.でなければならないが、n.のtrilokam（三界）がf.のtrilokīともなりうるのと同様に-a語幹の主語は-ī語幹のf.になりうる（P. 2, 1, 23）。

2. bahuvrīhiの中に置かれるが、その固有の概念が所有でなく、他の概念であるところの複合形容詞（compound adjective）。よってdviguという語それじたいは「牛2頭〔分の値段で〕買われた」となる（P. 2, 1, 52）。
Ait. Br. 1, 1, 6 ekādaśakapālaḥ puroḍāśaḥ（11の皿をもつ＝皿に盛られたライスケーキ）

この特殊な用法の他には、基数詞がふつうのtatpuruṣaやbahuvrīhi、とりわけ後者の要素になりうる、というものがある。そのようなbahuvrīhiとしてはdaśāsyaḥ（10の顔を持つ）、viṃśatibāhuḥ（20の腕ある）があり、実際には、副詞的dviguよりもはるかに頻繁である。
Yâjñ. 2, 125 catustridvyekabhāgāḥ syurvarṇaśo brāhmaṇātmajāḥ (the sons of a brahman own according to the caste [of their mother] four, three, two and one portions)
Pat. I, p. 62 tripado ’yam bahuvrīhiḥ (this bahuvrîhi is of three elements)