305. Desideratives.

The desideratives are expressive of the „wish of doing” the action, which is denoted by the verbal root: {P. 3, 1, 7.} cikīrṣati = kartum icchati (he wishes to do), lipsate (he wishes to obtain). Sometimes they simply denote the „being about:” pipatiṣati phalam (the fruit is about to fall). It is stated in express terms by native grammarians, that the employment of the desideratives is optional (*1) whereas the causatives cannot be periphrased. Accordingly, desideratives are less frequent in literature than causatives. They are not only met with when being finite verbs and participles, but also their derivatives in -ā (subst.) and -u (adj.), which may be made from any desiderative, as cikīrṣā (the wish of doing), cikīrṣu (wishing to do).

Examples: Daç. 90 iyam arthanirapekṣā guṇebhya eva svaṃ yauvana vicikrīṣate kulastrīvṛttam evānutiṣṭāsati (she does not care for wealth, it is for virtues alone that she wishes to sell her charms and she is desirous of behaving herself like a respectable lady), ibid. 25 madīyasahacaragaṇena jighāṃsyamānaṃ bhūsuram ekam avalokya (as I perceived some brahman, whom the crowd of my attendants were about to kill), Kathâs. 29, 157 rājā … mumūrṣur vyādhitaḥ (the king being about to die of illness).

(*1)
P. 3, 1, 7 dhātoḥ karmaṇaḥ samānakartṛkād icchāyāṃ vā sc. san to be understood from s. 5. But in P. 3, 1, 26, which sûtra teaches the form and employment of the causatives, the particle of optionality is wanting.

305. 意欲動詞

意欲動詞（desiderative）は、cikīrṣati（= kartum icchati; 彼は行うことを望む）やlipsate（彼は得ることを望む）のように、動詞語根によって指示される行為への意欲を表す（P. 3, 1, 7）。時には、単に「…しそうである」ということを表すことがある：pipatiṣati phalam（果実が落ちそうだ）。インドの文法学者は、Des.の使用は任意であるが（*1）、Caus.を別の形で言い換えることはできない、と明言している。よって文献において、Des.はCaus.よりも頻度が少ない。これらは定動詞や分詞である場合だけでなく、任意のDes.から作られる-ā（実名詞）や-u（副詞）の派生語も見られる：cikīrṣā（…することへの願い）、cikīrṣu（…することを願って）など。

例文：
Daç. 90 iyam arthanirapekṣā guṇebhya eva svaṃ yauvana vicikrīṣate kulastrīvṛttam evānutiṣṭāsati (she does not care for wealth, it is for virtues alone that she wishes to sell her charms and she is desirous of behaving herself like a respectable lady)
ibid. 25 madīyasahacaragaṇena jighāṃsyamānaṃ bhūsuram ekam avalokya (as I perceived some brahman, whom the crowd of my attendants were about to kill)
Kathâs. 29, 157 rājā … mumūrṣur vyādhitaḥ (the king being about to die of illness)

（*1）
P. 3, 1, 7 dhātoḥ karmaṇaḥ samānakartṛkād icchāyāṃ vā（〔接辞saṇは〕任意で（vā）動詞語幹（dhātu）に付加される；意欲される対象を指示し、それを意欲する者と同じ行為者をもつ語根の後に）
このsūtraはs. 5から接辞saṇについてのものと理解される。〔ここでDes.を表す接辞saṇは任意で付加されるものである〕が、〔その一方で〕Caus.の形態と使用を説明するs.であるP. 3, 1, 26では、追加の接尾辞〔ṇic＝i〕が必要とされる。