307. Denominatives.

Various classes of denominatives are explained by Pâṇini (3, 1, 8-21; 25; 27-30). Among these, some verbs are very common in literature, as ākarṇayati (to hear), miśrayati (to mix), śabdāyate (to cry), but they have nothing remarkable from a syntactic point of view, since the speaker uses them ready made and may use them even without being aware of their etymology. The denominatives which concern us here, are those which one can frame by one’s self, if wanted, such as putrīyati intr. (he wishes a son), putroyati trans. (he treats as a son), śyenāyate kākaḥ (the crow behaves as if he were a falcon) and the like. Examples of them are occasionally met with in literature. Panc. I, vs. 5 iha loke hi dhanināṃ paro’pi svajanāyate / svajano’pi daridrāṇāṃ sarvadā durjanāyate (here on earth even non-relatives behave towards the wealthy, as if they were their kinsmen, but to the poor even their own family are rather bad), Kâd. I, p. 30 sarvam eva devībhiḥ svayaṃ karatalopanīyamānam amṛtāyate (everything which is given [to me] by the queen herself in her own hand, is as ambrosia), Bhoj. 61 somanāthena tvadgṛhabhikṣuṇādya mayi kalpadrumāyitam (Somanâtha… has become a cornucopiae to me).

Inchoatives and Factitives.

Some of those in -āyate convey the notion of coming into some state out of another quite opposite, as bhṛśāyate (to become frequent [after having been infrequent]), durmatāyate (to grow sorry), śīghrāyate, mandāyate. {P. 3, 1, 12.} But the number of these inchoatives is limited, see Kâç. on P. 3, 1, 12. — Cp. 308.

307. 名称詞起源動詞

名称詞起源動詞（denominative）の種類はPāṇiniによって説明されている（3, 1, 8-21; 25; 27-30）。これらのうち、ākarṇayati（聞く）、miśrayati（混ぜる）、śabdāyate（泣く）のような動詞は、文献では非常に一般的である。しかしながら、話者が既製品としてこれを用いたり、その語源に気づかず使用する場合があるため、構文的観点から特筆すべき点はない。ここで扱うDen.は、putrīyati（自動詞；彼は息子を望む）、putroyati（他動詞；彼は息子として扱う）、śyenāyate kākaḥ（カラスはまるでタカであるかのように振る舞う）などのような、必要とあれば自身で組み立てられるものである。これらの用例は時折文献中に見られる。
Panc. I, vs. 5 iha loke hi dhanināṃ paro’pi svajanāyate / svajano ’pi daridrāṇāṃ sarvadā durjanāyate (here on earth even non-relatives behave towards the wealthy, as if they were their kinsmen, but to the poor even their own family are rather bad)
Kâd. I, p. 30 sarvam eva devībhiḥ svayaṃ karatalopanīyamānam amṛtāyate (everything which is given [to me] by the queen herself in her own hand, is as ambrosia)
Bhoj. 61 somanāthena tvadgṛhabhikṣuṇādya mayi kalpadrumāyitam (Somanâtha… has become a cornucopiae to me)

○起動相（inchoative）と作為動詞（factitive）

-āyateで終わる動詞のうちいくつかは、bhṛśāyate（〔頻繁でなくなった後に〕頻繁になる）、durmatāyate（気の毒になる）、śīghrāyate、mandāyateのように、〔動詞の意味とは〕全く反対の状態から〔動詞の意味する〕別の状態になる、という概念を伝達する（P. 3, 1, 12.）。けれども、これら起動相（inchoative）の〔とりうる〕数は制限される。Kâç. on P. 3, 1, 12および本書308をみよ。