313. Tmesis.

The ancient dialect had the faculty of severing preposition and verb in compound verbs, the so-called tmesis (*1). The sacred texts from the mantras up to the sûtras abound in examples. The greatest freedom is of course found in the sanhitās. Ait. Br. 1, 21, 7 upāśvinoḥ priyaṃ dhāma gachati = aśvinoḥ pri- dhā- upagacchati, Ch. Up. 5, 3, 1 kumārānu tvāśiṣatpitā = ku- anvaśiṣattvā pitā, Âpast. 1, 25, 10 ete tribhir varṣair apa pāpaṃ nudante.

Classic Sanskrit has lost this faculty (*2).

(*1)
P. 1, 4, 80-82 te prāgdhātoḥ / chandasi pare’pi / vyavahitāś ca »these [viz: the upasargas and gatis] are put before the root; but in sacred texts (chandas) also behind and separated from it by other words.”

(*2)
Perhaps something like a remnant of the antique tmesis may occasionally be met with. In my notes, I find two passages regarding us here: Mudr. I, p. 20 taṃ gacchanty anu and R. 2, 9, 28 so ’rtho na tvā kramedati.

313. 分語法

古い方言は、tmesis(分語法)と呼ばれる、前置詞と動詞を複合動詞で表す能力を持っていた(*1)。mantraからsūtraに至る聖典には豊富に例がある。〔その表現法の〕多大な自由度は、もちろんsanhitāに見いだされる。
Ait. Br. 1, 21, 7 upāśvinoḥ priyaṃ dhāma gachati = aśvinoḥ pri- dhā- upagacchati
Ch. Up. 5, 3, 1 kumārānu tvāśiṣatpitā = ku- anvaśiṣattvā pitā
Âpast. 1, 25, 10 ete tribhir varṣair apa pāpaṃ nudante

古典サンスクリットはこの能力を失っている(*2)

(*1)
P. 1, 4, 80-82 te prāgdhātoḥ / chandasi pare’pi / vyavahitāś ca(これら[=upasargaとgati]は語根の前に置かれる;けれども聖典(chandas)では後ろや、他の語によって分離される)

(*2)
古い分語法の名残に出くわすことがありうるかもしれない。私のノートには2例見つけられた:
Mudr. I, p. 20 taṃ gacchanty anu
R. 2, 9, 28 so ’rtho na tvā kramedati