324. Present, denoting a near future.

Further, the present may denote a near past or a near future. {P. 3, 3, 131.}

1. The present denoting a near future may be compared with such phrases as: I am going on a journey next week, instead of: I shall go. {P. 3, 3, 5 and 6.} So kadā bhuṅkte = kadā bhokṣyate etc.

Bhoj. 42 yadi na gamyate śvo rājasevakā asmān niḥsārayanti (if we do not go, the king’s attendants will tum us out to-morrow), R. 3, 68, 13 kṣiprameva vinaśyati (he will die, soon), Panc. 143 dhanyo ’haṃ yad dhavatā saha tatra kālaṃ nayāmi (I am happy, I shall pass the time there with you).

In subordinate sentences the present is very often employed in this manner, especially in final and consecutive clauses, as will be shown afterwards.

Rem. 1. Pâṇini gives a special rule concerning the present denoting the future with yāvat and purā. {P. 3, 3, 4.} Example of yāvat: Panc. 286 etau yatnena rakṣaṇīyau yāvad ahaṃ samāgacchāmi (— till I come back). As to purā, it may be 1. an adverb »erelong.” 2. a conjunction = Lat. priusquam. The rule holds good for both. Daç. 186 kṣiṇoti ca purā sa kṛtaghno bhavantam (and that ungrateful man will erelong kill you); R. 2, 116, 19 purā… śārīrīm upahiṃsāṃ tapasviṣu / darśayanti hi duṣṭāste tyakṣyāma imam āśramam (before those wicked beings inflict any corporal injury upon the ascets, we will leave this hermitage).

Rem. 2. Another consequence of its fitness for denoting a near future is exhibited by its doing duty for a conjunctive (356).

324. 近い未来を表すPres.

さらに、Pres.は近い過去・未来を表すことができる（P. 3, 3, 131）。

1. 近い未来を表すPres.は、英語で言う“I am going on a journey next week”（＝I shall go）と比較できる（P. 3, 3, 5-6）。よってkadā bhuṅkteはkadā bhokṣyateと等しい、等。

Bhoj. 42 yadi na gamyate śvo rājasevakā asmān niḥsārayanti (if we do not go, the king’s attendants will tum us out to-morrow)
R. 3, 68, 13 kṣipram eva vinaśyati (he will die, soon)
Panc. 143 dhanyo ’haṃ yad dhavatā saha tatra kālaṃ nayāmi (I am happy, I shall pass the time there with you)

従属文ではPres.がこの仕方で—後に説明するが、特に文末および連続する節で—しばしば用いられる。

【補足1】
yāvatおよびpurāを伴う未来を表すPres.について、Pāṇiniは特別な規則を与えている（P. 3, 3, 4）。yāvatの例は以下の通り：
Panc. 286 etau yatnena rakṣaṇīyau yāvad ahaṃ samāgacchāmi (— till I come back)

purāについては、1. 副詞「まもなく」（erelong）の場合と、2. 接続詞「…する前に、…する間」（ラテン語だとpriusquam）の場合とがありうる。前述の規則はどちらにも当てはまる。
Daç. 186 kṣiṇoti ca purā sa kṛtaghno bhavantam (and that ungrateful man will erelong kill you)
R. 2, 116, 19 purā… śārīrīm upahiṃsāṃ tapasviṣu / darśayanti hi duṣṭāste tyakṣyāma imam āśramam (before those wicked beings inflict any corporal injury upon the ascets, we will leave this hermitage)

【補足2】
近い未来を表すのに適している、ということのもう1つの帰結は、これが接続法（conjunctive）のはたらきをすることに示されている（356）。