338. Old participles of the past.

The old and genuine participles of the perfect, as tasthivān (f. tasthuṣī) or cakrāṇaḥ, had the same function as those in -tavant and -ta, which have almost wholly superseded them in the classic dialect (359, 2°). In the epic poems and in kâvyas several of them — at least in the active voice — also do duty as finite verbs; they are then expressive both of the actual past, as R. l, 58, 2 upeyivān (you have gone to —) and the historical, as R. 2, 12, 6 narādhipaḥ / mohamāpedivān. Cp. Kathâs. 35, 41 and Çiçup. 1, 16.

338. 古い過去分詞

tasthivān（f. tasthuṣī）やcakrāṇaḥのような、古く純粋なPf.の分詞は、-ta・-tavantと同じ機能を持っており、古典サンスクリットではそれらに完全に置き換えられてしまっている（359, 2°）。叙事詩とkāvyaにてはそのいくつかが—少なくとも能動態で—定動詞としてもはたらき、以下のようにactualな過去（前者）とhistoricalな過去（後者）とを表す：
R. l, 58, 2 upeyivān (you have gone to —)
R. 2, 12, 6 narādhipaḥ / mohamāpedivān

Kathâs. 35, 41とÇiçup. 1, 16もみよ。