341*.
In most cases, therefore, it is indifferent, what future is employed. Often both alternate. R. 1, 70, 17 vaktā… vasiṣṭhaḥ, but in the following çloka eṣa vakṣyati vasiṣṭhaḥ, cp. R. 1, 38, 8 and 2, 8, 22. This alternation is most apparent in conditional sentences; then either luṭ is used in both protasis and apodosis (Ait. Br. 1, 27, 1), or in the apodosis only, but lṛṭ in the protasis (Kathâs. 28, 131 so’sya… yadi vakṣyati / tasyāpi bhavitā mṛtyuḥ), or conversely (Kathâs. 1, 60 yadā tasmai kathāmimāṃ / puṣpadanta pravaktāsi tadā śāpādvimokṣyase), or the future in -syati in both (Kathâs. 39, 67). In putting questions, in uttering prophecies the future in -tā is, indeed, often employed (*1), but the future in -syati is even there more frequent.
(*1)
Delbrück, Altindische Wortfolge p. 6-8, treats the future in -tā, as far as it is employed in the Çatapathabrâhmaṇa. He concludes that it is the »objective future, denoting the certainty of the future fact, apart from any wish or desire on the side of the subject.” Though this will hold good in the majority of cases, it is not always supported by facts. A strong desire, an intention, etc. are occasionally also denoted by luṭ. R. 1, 20, 3 Daçaratha offers to Viçvâmitra to fight, himself and his army, against the demons: = anayā [viz. senayā] sahito gatvā yoddhā ’haṃ tair niśācaraiḥ / … ahameva dhanuṣpāṇirgoptā samaramūrdhani; when he then adds yāvat prāṇān dhariṣyāmi tāvad yotsye niśācaraiḥ, he must needs use the other future, as the action is a permanent one, cp. 341 R.
341*.
したがって、ほとんどの場合には、何の未来が用いられるかは頓着されない。よく交互に用いられる:
R. 1, 70, 17 vaktā… vasiṣṭhaḥ, … eṣa vakṣyati vasiṣṭhaḥ
R. 1, 38, 8および2, 8, 22もみよ。この交互使用は条件文にもっとも明らかである;luṭ(複合未来)が前提節(protasis)と帰結節(apodosis)の両方に用いられるか(Ait. Br. 1, 27, 1)、前提節にlṛṭ(単純未来)、帰結節にluṭが用いられるか(Kathâs. 28, 131 so ’sya… yadi vakṣyati / tasyāpi bhavitā mṛtyuḥ)、その逆か(Kathâs. 1, 60 yadā tasmai kathām imāṃ / puṣpadanta pravaktāsi tadā śāpād vimokṣyase)、-syatiの未来が前提節と帰結節の両方に用いられるか(Kathâs. 39, 67)、である。質問をする際や予言をする際には-tāの未来がしばしば用いられる(*1)が、-syatiの未来はより頻度が高い。
(*1)
Delbrück Altindische Wortfolge p. 6-8は複合未来を、Śatapathabrāhmaṇaで用いられている限りで、扱っている。彼はこれを「主体の側にある願いや欲望を離れて、未来の事実の確実性を表す、客観的な未来(objective future)」と結論づけている。このことはほとんどの場合有効であるものの、常に用例が支持するわけではない。強い欲望や意志がluṭで表されることもある。 R. 1, 20, 3 Daçaratha offers to Viçvâmitra to fight, himself and his army, against the demons: = anayā [viz. senayā] sahito gatvā yoddhā’haṃ tair niśācaraiḥ / … ahameva dhanuṣpāṇirgoptā samaramūrdhani
その後にDaśarathaがyāvat prāṇān dhariṣyāmi tāvad yotsye niśācaraiḥと付け加えるとき、その行為は半永久的なものなので、彼は別の未来形を用いる必要がある。341-補足をみよ。